travail
英语
编辑发音
编辑词源1
编辑源自中古英语 travail ← 古法语 travail (“受苦”) ← 通俗拉丁语 *tripalium (“刑具”) ← 拉丁语 tripālis (“有三个桩的”)。
名词
编辑travail (复数 travails 或 travaux)
- 〈文〉 苦劳 (自13世纪)
- 1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:
- But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, 章号 20, 出自 John Florio(译者), The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- Travell and pleasure, most unlike in nature, are notwithstanding followed together by a kind of I wot not what natural conjunction […].
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber 2007, p. 38:
- He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.
- 2005, Tony Judt, “Culture Wars”, 出自 Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, 出版于 2010, →ISBN:
- And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:
- 生产,生孩子 (自13世纪)
- 1607–08, William Shakespeare (?), Pericles, Prince of Tyre, Act III, Chorus:
- The lady shrieks and, well-a-near,
- Does fall in travail with her fear.
- 1611, King James Version, Genesis 38:27–28:
- And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first,
- 1607–08, William Shakespeare (?), Pericles, Prince of Tyre, Act III, Chorus:
- 〈旧〉〈可数〉 劳动 (14-18世纪)
- 〈旧〉〈天〉 食 (17世纪)
- travel的旧写法。
- travois的另一种写法
参考资料
编辑- John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “travail”, The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd版, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-861186-8
- Douglas Harper (2001–2024), “travail”, 《在线词源词典》(Online Etymology Dictionary)
词源2
编辑源自中古英语 travailen ← 古法语 travaillier,源自词源1的名词。
动词
编辑travail (第三人称单数简单现在时 travails,现在分词 travailing,一般过去时及过去分词 travailed)
- 劳累
- 1552, Hugh Latimer, "Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk":
- [A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.
- 1611, King James Version, Job 15:20:
- The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the number of years is hidden to the oppressor.
- 1552, Hugh Latimer, "Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk":
- To go through the labor of childbirth.
- 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, John XIV:
- A woman when she traveyleth hath sorowe, be cause her houre is come: but as sone as she is delivered off her chylde she remembreth no moare her anguysshe, for ioye that a man is borne in to the worlde.
- 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, John XIV:
法语
编辑词源
编辑源自中古法语 travail,源自古法语 travail的单数形,源自通俗拉丁语 tripalium (“刑具”),源自拉丁语 tripālis (“有三个桩的”)。对比奥克语 trabalh, 加泰罗尼亚语 treball, 英语 travail, 意大利语 travaglio, 葡萄牙语 trabalho, 西班牙语 trabajo。
复数古法语 travauz,源自travailz,有l音化。词尾-auz后作-aux → -au- → o。
发音
编辑- 国际音标(帮助):/tʁa.vaj/
音频: (档案) 音频 (巴黎): (档案) 音频 (孚日): (档案) 音频 (瑞士瓦莱): (档案) 音频 (里昂): (档案) - 韵部:-aj
- 同音词:travaille, travaillent, travailles
名词
编辑travail m (复数 travaux)
近义词
编辑派生词
编辑拓展阅读
编辑- 查看“travail”在le Trésor de la langue française informatisé(《法语数字化宝典》)中的释义。
中古法语
编辑词源
编辑名词
编辑travail m (复数 travails)
派生语汇
编辑- 法语: travail
参考资料
编辑- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (travail, supplement)
古法语
编辑词源
编辑源自通俗拉丁语 tripalium (“刑具”) ← 拉丁语 tripālis (“有三个桩的”)。对比奥克语 trabalh, 加泰罗尼亚语 treball, 意大利语 travaglio, 葡萄牙语 trabalho, 西班牙语 trabajo。
名词
编辑travail m (斜格复数 travauz,或 travailz,主格单数 travauz,或 travailz,主格复数 travail)