travail
英語
編輯發音
編輯詞源1
編輯源自中古英語 travail ← 古法語 travail (「受苦」) ← 通俗拉丁語 *tripalium (「刑具」) ← 拉丁語 tripālis (「有三個樁的」)。
名詞
編輯travail (複數 travails 或 travaux)
- 〈文〉 苦勞 (自13世紀)
- 1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:
- But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, 章號 20, 出自 John Florio(譯者), The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- Travell and pleasure, most unlike in nature, are notwithstanding followed together by a kind of I wot not what natural conjunction […].
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber 2007, p. 38:
- He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.
- 2005, Tony Judt, 「Culture Wars」, 出自 Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, 出版於 2010, →ISBN:
- And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:
- 生產,生孩子 (自13世紀)
- 1607–08, William Shakespeare (?), Pericles, Prince of Tyre, Act III, Chorus:
- The lady shrieks and, well-a-near,
- Does fall in travail with her fear.
- 1611, King James Version, Genesis 38:27–28:
- And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first,
- 1607–08, William Shakespeare (?), Pericles, Prince of Tyre, Act III, Chorus:
- 〈舊〉〈可數〉 勞動 (14-18世紀)
- 〈舊〉〈天〉 食 (17世紀)
- travel的舊寫法。
- travois的另一種寫法
參考資料
編輯- John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), 「travail」, The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd版, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-861186-8
- Douglas Harper (2001–2024), 「travail」, 《線上詞源詞典》(Online Etymology Dictionary)
詞源2
編輯源自中古英語 travailen ← 古法語 travaillier,源自詞源1的名詞。
動詞
編輯travail (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 travails,現在分詞 travailing,一般過去時及過去分詞 travailed)
- 勞累
- 1552, Hugh Latimer, "Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk":
- [A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.
- 1611, King James Version, Job 15:20:
- The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the number of years is hidden to the oppressor.
- 1552, Hugh Latimer, "Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk":
- To go through the labor of childbirth.
- 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, John XIV:
- A woman when she traveyleth hath sorowe, be cause her houre is come: but as sone as she is delivered off her chylde she remembreth no moare her anguysshe, for ioye that a man is borne in to the worlde.
- 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, John XIV:
法語
編輯詞源
編輯源自中古法語 travail,源自古法語 travail的單數形,源自通俗拉丁語 tripalium (「刑具」),源自拉丁語 tripālis (「有三個樁的」)。對比奧克語 trabalh, 加泰羅尼亞語 treball, 英語 travail, 意大利語 travaglio, 葡萄牙語 trabalho, 西班牙語 trabajo。
複數古法語 travauz,源自travailz,有l音化。詞尾-auz後作-aux → -au- → o。
發音
編輯- 國際音標(幫助):/tʁa.vaj/
音頻: (檔案) 音頻 (巴黎): (檔案) 音頻 (孚日): (檔案) 音頻 (瑞士瓦萊): (檔案) 音頻 (里昂): (檔案) - 韻部:-aj
- 同音詞:travaille, travaillent, travailles
名詞
編輯travail m (複數 travaux)
近義詞
編輯派生詞
編輯拓展閱讀
編輯- 查看「travail」在le Trésor de la langue française informatisé(《法語數位化寶典》)中的釋義。
中古法語
編輯詞源
編輯名詞
編輯travail m (複數 travails)
派生語彙
編輯- 法語: travail
參考資料
編輯- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (travail, supplement)
古法語
編輯詞源
編輯源自通俗拉丁語 tripalium (「刑具」) ← 拉丁語 tripālis (「有三個樁的」)。對比奧克語 trabalh, 加泰羅尼亞語 treball, 意大利語 travaglio, 葡萄牙語 trabalho, 西班牙語 trabajo。
名詞
編輯travail m (斜格複數 travauz,或 travailz,主格單數 travauz,或 travailz,主格複數 travail)