confound

英語

詞源

源自中古英語 confounden (「摧毀；迷惑」)，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 cunfundre和古法語 confondre，源自拉丁語 confundō (「混合，攪混」)。與found (「冶煉」)（與found (「創始」)和find無關）、fusion有關。

發音

國際音標^(幫助): /kənˈfaʊnd/
（美國）音頻： (檔案)

韻部：-aʊnd
斷字：con‧found

動詞

confound (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 confounds，現在分詞 confounding，一般過去時及過去分詞 confounded)

迷惑，使...困惑
近義詞：puzzle
- 1830, Joseph Smith, Jr., Book of Mormon: Ether, i, 34:
  And the brother of Jared being a large and mighty man, and a man highly favored of the Lord, Jared, his brother, said unto him: Cry unto the Lord, that he will not confound us that we may not understand our words.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2012年6月29日, Kevin Mitchell, 「Roger Federer back from Wimbledon 2012 brink to beat Julien Benneteau」, 出自 The Guardian‎^[1]，於15 November 2016歸檔自原頁面:
  The fightback when it came was in the [Roger] Federer fashion: unfussy, filled with classy strokes from the back with perfectly timed interventions at the net that confounded his opponent. The third set passed in a bit of a blur, the fourth, which led to the second tie-break, was the most dramatic of the match.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
震驚，讓...吃驚
混淆，弄混
近義詞：confuse、mix up；亦參見Thesaurus:confuse
- 1651 (Latin edition 1642), Thomas Hobbes, De Cive (Latin title) Philosophicall Rudiments Concerning Government and Society (English),
  Hey who lesse seriously consider the force of words, doe sometimes confound Law with Counsell, sometimes with Covenant, sometimes with Right. They confound Law with Counsell, who think, that it is the duty of Monarchs not onely to give ear to their Counsellours, but also to obey them, as though it were in vaine to take Counsell, unlesse it were also followed.
(有時官方不推薦) 使...惡化
Don't confound the situation by yelling.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）
- 1983, Carol M. Anderson, Susan Stewart, Mastering Resistance: A Practical Guide to Family Therapy:
  While she had obeyed him, smiling sweetly all the time, she had nursed a growing resentment of what she called his "Latin American macho attitude." To confound the problem, his mother, who lived with them on and off, was described by the wife as being as domineering as her son.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
攪混，使...混同
- 1611, Coryat, Crudities, 第 I 卷，第 195 頁:
  There the freſh and ſalt water would meete and be confounded together, […]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
使...羞愧
His actions confounded the skeptics.
他的行為讓懷疑他的人羞愧不已。
擊敗，打敗，挫敗
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 1:27:
  But God hath choſen the fooliſh things of the woꝛld, to confound the wiſe: and God hath choſen the weake things of the woꝛld, to confound the things which are mighty:
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- a. 1745, unknown author, 「God Save the King」, 出自 The Gentleman's Magazine‎^[2], 第 15 卷，第 552 頁:
  O Lord our God ariſe, / Scatter his enemies, / And make them fall: / Confound their politics, / Fruſtrate their knaviſh tricks, / On him our hopes we fix, / O ſave us all.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1848 February 12, John Mitchel, The United Irishman, Letter to Lord Clarendon,
  I am now, in order the better to confound your politics, going to give you a true account of the means we intend to use, and of the rules, signs, and pass-words of our new United Irish Society Lodge A. 1.—They are so simple that you will never believe them.
(過時) 詛咒（語氣較輕的罵人話）
Confound you!
去你的！

Confound the lady!
那個女人！
- 1882, Arthur Conan Doyle, 「My Friend the Murderer」, 出自 The Gully of Bluemansdyke and Other Stories:
  "Number 43 is no better, Doctor," said the head-warder, in a slightly reproachful accent, looking in round the corner of my door.
  "Confound 43!" I responded from behind the pages of the Australian Sketcher.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Sewell Black Beauty
(古舊) 摧毀，毀壞，毀滅
- 1667, John Milton, 「Book I」, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 51–53 行s:
  To mortal men, he with his horrid crew / Lay vanquiſht, rowling in the fiery Gulfe / Confounded though immortal: But his doom […]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Swift Gulliver

衍生詞彙

名詞

confound (複數 confounds)

(統計學) 混淆變量
近義詞：confounder
- 2009, C. James Goodwin, Research In Psychology: Methods and Design‎^[3], John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN，第 175 頁:
  The participants certainly differ in how their practice is distributed (1, 2, or 3 days), but they also differ in how much total practice they get (3, 6, or 9 hours). This is a perfect example of a confound—it is impossible to tell if the results are due to one factor (distribution of practice) or the other (total practice hours); the two factors covary perfectly.
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