flabbergast

英語

詞源

不詳，可能是一方言詞（薩福克郡），源自flabby或flap (「打擊」) + aghast。^[1]^[2]該詞可能與蘇格蘭英語 flabrigast (「誇口」)或flabrigastit (「筋疲力竭」)有關。^[1]^[3]

名詞派生自動詞。^[4]

發音

(標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈflæbə(ˌ)ɡɑːst/
(通用美式) 英語發音：flăb′ər-găst'、國際音標^(幫助): /ˈflæbɚˌɡæst/
（通用美式）音頻： (檔案)
（澳洲）音頻： (檔案)
斷字：flab‧ber‧gast

動詞

flabbergast (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 flabbergasts，現在分詞 flabbergasting，過去式 flabbergasted，過去分詞 flabbergasted 或 flabbergast)

(及物) 使...震驚，使...大吃一驚，使...目瞪口呆（自18世紀晚期起）
近義詞：flabbergaster；亦參見Thesaurus:surprise

He was flabbergasted to find that his work had been done for him before he began.
他發現他的活在他開始做之前就已經做好了的時候目瞪口呆。

Her stupidity flabbergasts me, and I have to force myself to keep a straight face while she explains her beliefs.
她的愚蠢真是驚到我了，她在解釋她那些信念的時候我得憋着我的表情。

I love to flabbergast the little-minded by shattering their preconceptions about my nationality and gender.
我特別喜歡粉碎掉那些對我的民族和性別的偏見，讓那些心胸狹隘的人大吃一驚。

The oddity of the situation was so flabbergasting I couldn’t react in time for anyone to see it.
反常的勢態令我大吃一驚，讓我沒有時間作出反應讓別人看到。
- 1772, 「Observator」 [pseudonym], 「On New Words; from the Same [Town and Country Magazine]」, 出自 Edmund Burke 編, The Annual Register, or A View of the History, Politics, and Literature, 第 XV 卷, London: Printed for J[ames] Dodsley, […], 出版於 1773, →OCLC，第 191 頁，第 1 列:
  Now we are flabbergaſted and bored from morning to night—in the ſenate, at Cox's muſeum, at Ranelagh, and even at church.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1834, Jack Downing [pseudonym; Seba Smith], 章號 XXV, 出自 The Life of Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by T. K. Greenbank, →OCLC，第 183 頁:
  They flabagast good manners and good morals, and only show that one of the parties is vex'd and disappinted.^[sic]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  The author was known to write in American vernacular for purposes of humor. As a result, the spelling in this work is idiosyncratic.
- 1861 August, [David Masson], 「Mr. Buckle’s Doctrine as to the Scotch and Their History」, 出自 David Masson 編, Macmillan’s Magazine, 第 IV 卷, 第 22 期, Cambridge, London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, part II (The Weasel-wars of Scotland and the Scottish Reformation)，第 316 頁，第 1 列:
  Now, there are assertions, not dissimilar in their power of benumbing and flabbergasting one, but yet within the bounds of sane and perfectly orderly plausibility, for which our language wants a name. Paradox is too hackneyed a term. They ought to be called Buckleisms. When a man makes an assertion clean in the teeth of all previous belief, and makes it coolly, fluently, without proof, and yet as if contradiction were impossible—that is a Buckleism.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1887年1月29日, 「The 『Emergency-Man』」, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 第 XCII 卷, London: Published at the office, 85, Fleet Street, →OCLC，第 54 頁，第 1 列:
  Skates that are not quite a fit, my dear Smith, / May flabberghast even a chap of your pith.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1896年8月22日, [F. Anstey] [pseudonym; Thomas Anstey Guthrie], 「Jottings and Tittlings. (By Baboo Hurry Bungsho Jabberjee, B.A.) No. XXI. Mr. Jabberjee Halloos before He is Quite Out of the Woods」, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 第 CXI 卷, London: Published at the office, 85, Fleet Street, →OCLC，第 88–89 頁s，第 2 列:
  At this I was rendered completely flabaghast—for, although the allegation was undeniably correct, I had confidently hoped that my friend Ram was unaware of the fact, or would at least have the ordinary mother-wit to refrain from blurting it out!
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Dostoevsky Insulted and Injured
- 1956, John T[homas] Flynn, 「The Rabbits Go Back in the Hat」, 出自 The Roosevelt Myth, revised版, New York, N.Y.: Devin-Adair Publishing Company, →OCLC; reprinted Auburn, Ala.: The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2008, →OCLC, book 1 (Trial—and Error)，第 50–51 頁s:
  He [Franklin Delano Roosevelt] loved to flabbergast his associates by announcing some startling new policy without consulting any of them.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2008, Harry Turtledove, The United States of Atlantis: A Novel of Alternate History, New York, N.Y.: Roc/New American Library, →ISBN，第 240 頁:
  The idea may surprise you, but I intend that it shall flabbergast the poor foolish Englishmen mured up behind those pine and redwood logs. Flabbergast 'em, I say!
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2012, Tara M. Tamasi, Ms. O』Brien’s Class, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN，第 226 頁:
  Then the most unbelievable thing happened, totally flabbergasting every student in the class.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

其他形式

flabagast (古舊)
flabaghast (古舊)
flabberghast (古舊)
flabergast (蘇格蘭，古舊)
flabrigast (蘇格蘭)
flappergast (諾坦普頓，古舊)
flobbergrast (蘭開夏，古舊)

衍生詞彙

名詞

flabbergast (可數和不可數，複數 flabbergasts)

(可數) 呆子
近義詞：dork、dweeb、geek；亦參見Thesaurus:dork
(不可數) 震驚，驚訝，吃驚，驚愕
近義詞：astonishment、astoundedness、awe、dumbfoundedness、flabbergaster、flabbergastation、flabbergastment、stupefaction；亦參見Thesaurus:confusion, Thesaurus:surprise

When I saw my house on fire, the flabbergast overcame me and I just stood and stared, too shocked to comprehend what I was seeing.
我看到我房子着火的時候，驚訝得呆呆地站在那看着，吃驚得無法理解我看到的景象。

His flabbergast was so great he couldn’t even come up with a plausible answer.
他驚訝得沒法組織出合理的回答。
- 1852 October, 「Adventures of Tom Honeycomb—No. I」, 出自 Yankee Notions, 第 2 卷, 第 10 期, New York, N.Y.: Published by T. W. Strong, […], →OCLC，第 297 頁:
  Her foibles were flattery, fine feeling, and flabergast; and if not old enough to be his mother, sufficiently so to be a young aunt.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1868年2月22日, Oliver Optic [pseudonym; William Taylor Adams], 「Freaks of Fortune; or, Half Round the World」, 出自 Oliver Optic 編, Oliver Optic’s Magazine. Our Boys and Girls, 第 III 卷, 第 60 期, Boston, Mass.: Published by Lee and Shepard, […], →OCLC, chapter XVI (Pistols for Two)，第 117 頁，第 2 列:
  Then quit your flabbergast, and talk in plain English.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1998, James Carlos Blake, Red Grass River: A Legend, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN; 1st Perennial版, New York, N.Y.: Harper Perennial, 2000, →ISBN，第 52 頁:
  Bob's big-eyed flabbergast struck him as comic and he laughed and said, "Lying sack, hey?"
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

其他形式

flabagast (古舊)
flabaghast (古舊)
flabberghast (古舊)
flabergast (蘇格蘭，古舊)

參考資料

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Jonathon Green, editor (2005年) Cassell’s Dictionary of Slang，2nd版，London：Weidenfeld & Nicolson，ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1，第 511 頁。
↑ William Dwight Whitney and Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1897年) The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia，New York, N.Y.：The Century Company，OCLC 2694351，第 2245 頁, suggesting the second element of the word as derived from gast (「astonish」)。
↑ 「flabbergast, v.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1896年; 「flabbergast」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
↑ 「flabbergast, n.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1896年

延伸閱讀

John Ogilvie and Charles Annandale, editors (1883年) The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language，new版，London：Blackie and Son; New York, N.Y.: The Century Company，OCLC 1013401246，第 285 頁。
約瑟夫·萊特, editor (1900年)，「FLABBERGAST, v.」，The English Dialect Dictionary: […] [英語方言詞典： […]]，第 II (D–G) 卷，倫敦：Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons，OCLC 81937840，第 376 頁, 第 1 卷
Chrysti the Wordsmith [pseudonym; Chrysti M. Smith] (2006年) Verbivore’s Feast: Second Course: More Word & Phrase Origins，Helena, Mont.：Farcountry Press，ISBN 978-1-56037-404-6，第 126 頁。

[Cassell-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Jonathon Green, editor (2005年) Cassell’s Dictionary of Slang，2nd版，London：Weidenfeld & Nicolson，ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1，第 511 頁。

[2] William Dwight Whitney and Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1897年) The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia，New York, N.Y.：The Century Company，OCLC 2694351，第 2245 頁, suggesting the second element of the word as derived from gast (「astonish」)。

[3] 「flabbergast, v.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1896年; 「flabbergast」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

[4] 「flabbergast, n.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1896年

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