lume
參見：lumë
阿羅馬尼亞語
編輯其他寫法
編輯詞源
編輯源自拉丁語 lūmen（比喻義「生命之光」）。對比羅馬尼亞語 lume。
名詞
編輯lume
相關詞彙
編輯參見
編輯愛沙尼亞語
編輯名詞
編輯lume
芬蘭語
編輯詞源
編輯發音
編輯名詞
編輯lume
變格
編輯| lume 的屈折 (Kotus 類型 48/hame，無元音變換) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 主格 | lume | lumeet | |
| 屬格 | lumeen | lumeiden lumeitten | |
| 部分格 | lumetta | lumeita | |
| 入格 | lumeeseen | lumeisiin lumeihin | |
| 單數 | 複數 | ||
| 主格 | lume | lumeet | |
| 賓格 | 主 | lume | lumeet |
| 屬 | lumeen | ||
| 屬格 | lumeen | lumeiden lumeitten | |
| 部分格 | lumetta | lumeita | |
| 內格 | lumeessa | lumeissa | |
| 出格 | lumeesta | lumeista | |
| 入格 | lumeeseen | lumeisiin lumeihin | |
| 接格 | lumeella | lumeilla | |
| 離格 | lumeelta | lumeilta | |
| 向格 | lumeelle | lumeille | |
| 樣格 | lumeena | lumeina | |
| 轉移格 | lumeeksi | lumeiksi | |
| 欠格 | lumeetta | lumeitta | |
| 手段格 | — | lumein | |
| 共格 | 請參閱下方的所有格形式。 | ||
複合詞
編輯異序詞
編輯加利西亞語
編輯
詞源
編輯最早見於13世紀，源自古加利西亞語、古葡萄牙語 lume，源自拉丁語 lūmen。與葡萄牙語 lume, 阿斯圖里亞斯語 llume, 西班牙語 lumbre同源。
發音
編輯名詞
編輯lume m (複數 lumes)
- 火，焰
- 近義詞：fogo
- 〈舊〉 光
- 1370, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), Crónica troiana. A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 689:
- ca despois que anoyteçeu tornou outrosí escuro speso a sobreguisa, et nõ fazía luar nẽ lume, pouco nẽ mais.
- because after nightfall it became dark, and this darkness was exceedingly thick, and it was neither moonlight nor light, no less or more
- ca despois que anoyteçeu tornou outrosí escuro speso a sobreguisa, et nõ fazía luar nẽ lume, pouco nẽ mais.
- 1370, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), Crónica troiana. A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 689:
- 林火
- 1990, Xaquín Fernández Leiceaga, Economia (politica) do monte galego, page 103:
- A hipótese básica é que os lumes, por máis que sexan intencionados, non obedecen a unha lóxica económica de potencia irregular de ano en ano, senón a causas continuamente presentes
- The basic hypothesis is that forest fires, even being caused intentionally, don't follow year after year an economic logic of irregular potential, but instead causes that are continuously present
- A hipótese básica é que os lumes, por máis que sexan intencionados, non obedecen a unha lóxica económica de potencia irregular de ano en ano, senón a causas continuamente presentes
- 1990, Xaquín Fernández Leiceaga, Economia (politica) do monte galego, page 103:
派生詞
編輯參考資料
編輯- 「lume」 in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
- 「lume」 in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
- 「lume」 in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
- "lume" in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- 「lume」 in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
意大利語
編輯詞源
編輯源自拉丁語 lūmen ← 原始印歐語 *léwksmn̥，派生自詞根*lewk- (「明亮」)。「內腔」是現代新起義。參見借詞lumen。
發音
編輯名詞
編輯lume m (複數 lumi)
- 光源
- 1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto XXII，第 336 頁，第 67–69 行s:
- Facesti come quei che va di notte, ¶ che porta il lume dietro e sé non giova, ¶ ma dopo sé fa le persone dotte, […]
- Thou didst as he who walketh in the night, ¶ who bears his light behind, which helps him not, ¶ but wary makes the persons after him, […]
- 1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, 「Seconda giornata, Novella VII [Second Day, 7th Story]」, 出自 Decamerone [Decameron][1], Tommaso Hedlin, 出版於 1527，第 50 頁:
- Pericone non diede indugio a ſeguitarla, ma ſpento ogni lume preſtamente da laltra parte le ſi coricò al lato […]
- Pericone was not slow to follow her, but, putting out every light, promptly hid himself beside her […]
- 〈舊〉 非電力的光源（如蠟燭、煤油燈）
- 1840, Alessandro Manzoni, 章號 XXXIII, 出自 I promessi sposi[2], Tip. Guglielmini e Redaelli，第 626 頁:
- “ […] C’era una vernaccia!... Ma, con una buona dormita, tutto se ne va. Ho un gran sonno... Levami un po’ quel lume dinanzi, che m’accieca... mi dà una noia...!”
- 「 […] The wine was so fine!... With a good sleep all will be well again. I am overcome by sleep... Get that lamp away from before me, it's blinding me... it troubles me so...!」
- 〈罕〉 電力光源
- 〈引〉〈詩〉 星
- 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Paradiso [The Divine Comedy: Paradise] (paperback), Le Monnier, 出版於 2002, Canto II，第 39 頁，第 64–66 行s:
- La spera ottava vi dimostra molti ¶ lumi, li quali e nel quale e nel quanto ¶ notar si posson di diversi volti.
- Lights many the eighth sphere displays to you ¶ which in their quality and quantity ¶ may noted be of aspects different.
- 1374, Francesco Petrarca, 「Tacer non posso, et temo non adopre [I can’t be silent, yet I fear to use]」, 出自 Il Canzoniere[3], Florence: Andrea Bettini, 出版於 1858，第 349 頁:
- Fra tanti amici lumi, ¶ una nube lontana mi dispiacque; ¶ la qual temo che 'n pianto si risolve, […]
- Among so many friendly stars, ¶ one distant cloud displeased me: ¶ which I fear will melt away in tears
- 近義詞：stella、astro
- 〈喻〉〈詩〉 上帝
- 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto XIII，第 195 頁，第 85–87 行s:
- Volsimi a loro e: «O gente sicura», ¶ incominciai, «di veder l'alto lume ¶ che 'l disio vostro solo ha in cura […] »
- To them I turned me, and, "O people, certain," ¶ began I, "of beholding the high light, ¶ which your desire has solely in its care, […]
- 〈喻〉〈引〉〈詩〉 神聖的靈魂或實體
- 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Paradiso [The Divine Comedy: Paradise] (paperback), Le Monnier, 出版於 2002, Canto X，第 179 頁，第 71–73 行s:
- si trovan molte gioie care e belle ¶ tanto che non si posson trar del regno; ¶ e 'l canto di quei lumi era di quelle;
- Are many jewels found, so fair and precious ¶ they cannot be transported from the realm; ¶ and of them was the singing of those lights;
- 〈喻〉〈引〉〈詩〉〈文〉 受尊敬的人
- 16世紀, Annibale Caro, transl., Eneide [Aeneid][4], Florence: Leonardo Ciardetti, 根據VirgilAeneis改編的翻譯作品, 出版於 1827, Libro I，第 102 頁:
- Cadde Riféo, ch'era ne' Teucri un lume ¶ di bontà, di giustizia e d'equitate
- Ripheus fell, who was a light among the Teucrians ¶ for goodness, justice and equity
- 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno [The Divine Comedy: Hell], 12th版 (paperback), Le Monnier, 出版於 1994, Canto I，第 13 頁，第 82–84 行s:
- «O de li altri poeti onore e lume, ¶ vagliami 'l lungo studio e 'l grande amore ¶ che m'ha fatto cercar lo tuo volume.»
- "O, of the other poets honour and light, ¶ avail me the long study and great love ¶ that have impelled me to explore thy volume!
- c. 1527, Francesco Berni, Orlando Innamorato [Orlando in Love][5], Milano: Società Tipografica de' Classici Italiani, 出版於 1828, Canto XIII，第 37 頁:
- A que' tre che tu, Fiorenza, onori ¶ eterni lumi della lingua nostra, […]
- To those three that you, Florence, honour, ¶ eternal lights of our own language […]
- 光，尤指：
- 〈古〉〈文〉 自然光
- 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto I，第 10 頁，第 37–39 行s:
- Li raggi delle quattro luci sante ¶ fregiavan sì la sua faccia di lume ¶ ch'i' 'l vedea come 'l sol fosse davante.
- The rays of the four consecrated stars ¶ did so adorn his countenance with light, ¶ that him I saw as were the sun before him.
- 1909, Giovanni Pascoli, 「La capinera [The Blackcap]」, 出自 Nuovi poemetti[6], 4th版, Bologna: Nicola Zanichelli, 出版於 1918，第 29 頁，第 7–9 行s:
- Il cinguettìo, così tra lume e scuro, ¶ cessò d’un tratto. Era comparso il sole. ¶ Sparì ciascuno nel bel giorno puro.
- The chirping, between light and darkness ¶ ceased suddenly. The Sun had risen. ¶ They all disappeared into the pure day.
- 近義詞：luce
- 〈舊〉 （人造的，非電力的）光
- 〈古〉〈文〉 自然光
- (繪畫) 光投射到圖畫上的方式
- 〈喻〉 視力
- 1516, Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland][7], Venice: Printed by Gabriel Giolito, 出版於 1551, Canto XLIII，第 205 頁:
- e facea alcun effetto ſopr'humano; ¶ dar lume a ciechi, e tornar morti a vita; ¶ fermare il uento ad un ſegno di croce ¶ e far tranquillo il mar, quand'è piu atroce.
- [a hermit] who had done superhuman deeds; ¶ regiving sight to the blind, and restoring the dead to life; ¶ hushing the winds with a sign of the cross ¶ and pacifying the sea when at its scariest.
- 近義詞：vista
- 〈複〉 雙眼
- 1374, Francesco Petrarca, 「I' vidi in terra angelici costumi [I saw angelic virtue on earth]」, 出自 Il Canzoniere[8], Florence: Andrea Bettini, 出版於 1858，第 157 頁，第 5–8 行s:
- E vidi lagrimar que' duo bei lumi, ¶ c'han fatto mille volte invidia al Sole; ¶ ed udii sospirando dir parole ¶ che farian gir i monti e stare i fiumi.
- And I saw two lovely eyes that wept, ¶ that made the sun a thousand times jealous; ¶ and I heard words emerge among sighs ¶ that made the mountains move, and halted rivers.
- 1581, Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered][9], Erasmo Viotti, Canto LX，第 372 頁:
- e cadde tramortita: e ſi diffuſe ¶ di gelato ſudore: e i lumi chiuſe.
- and she fell to the ground, stunned, getting covered ¶ with freezing sweat, and closed her eyes.
- 1835, Giacomo Leopardi, 「I. All'Italia [To Italy]」, 出自 Canti[10], Bari: Einaudi, 出版於 1917，第 7 頁，第 134–136 行s:
- Ché, se il fato è diverso, e non consente ¶ ch’io per la Grecia i moribondi lumi ¶ chiuda prostrato in guerra, […]
- If fate’s opposed, and will not consent that I fall in war, and close my dying eyes, for Greece, […]
- 近義詞：occhi
- 〈喻〉 啟蒙，啟迪
- 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto VI，第 86 頁，第 43–45 行s:
- Veramente a così alto sospetto ¶ non ti fermar, se quella non ti dice ¶ che lume fia tra 'l vero e lo 'ntelletto.
- Verily, in so deep a questioning ¶ do not decide, unless she tell it thee, ¶ who light 'twixt truth and intellect shall be.
- 〈複〉 基於理性建立起來的文化
- 1764, Cesare Beccaria, 「V. Oscurità delle leggi [Of the Obscurity of Laws]」, 出自 Dei delitti e delle pene [On Crimes and Punishments][11], Paris: Dal Molini, 出版於 1780，第 21 頁:
- Da ciò veggiamo quanto sia utile la stampa, che rende il pubblico, e non alcuni pochi, depositario delle sante leggi, e quanto abbia dissipato quello spirito tenebroso di cabala e d’intrigo, che sparisce in faccia ai lumi ed alle scienze […]
- Hence we see the use of printing, which makes the public, and not a few individuals, the guardians of the sacred laws, and how it has dissipated the gloomy spirit of cabal and intrigue, which disappears in the face of enlightenment and sciences […]
- 〈喻〉(多用複數) 建議，有用的信息
- 1881, Giovanni Verga, I Malavoglia[12], Fratelli Treves, 出版於 1907, Chapter VII，第 113 頁:
- La seduta fu sciolta senza concludere nulla. Il segretario voleva un po’ di tempo per prender lume;
- The meeting was closed without deciding upon anything. The clerk wanted time to get up his subject.
- 近義詞：chiarimento、consiglio
- 〈引〉 洞察力
- 1472, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto XVI，第 237 頁，第 73–75 行s:
- Lo cielo i vostri movimenti inizia; ¶ non dico tutti, ma, posto ch'i' 'l dica, ¶ lume v'è dato a bene e a malizia
- The heavens your movements do initiate, ¶ I say not all; but granting that I say it, ¶ light has been given you for good and evil
- 近義詞：discernimento
- 〈解〉 內腔
- (捕魚) 網眼大小
派生詞
編輯相關詞彙
編輯異序詞
編輯中古英語
編輯名詞
編輯lume
- lome的另一種寫法
葡萄牙語
編輯詞源
編輯源自古葡萄牙語 lume ← 拉丁語 lūmen ← 原始印歐語 *léwksmn̥ ← *lewk-。與加利西亞語 lume, 西班牙語 lumbre, 加泰羅尼亞語 llum, 奧克語 lum, 法語 lume, 意大利語 lume, 羅馬尼亞語 lume同源。「內腔」是現代新起義。參見借詞lúmen。
發音
編輯名詞
編輯lume m (複數 lumes)
近義詞
編輯相關詞彙
編輯羅馬尼亞語
編輯詞源
編輯源自拉丁語 lūmen (「光」)（比喻義「生命之光」），源自原始印歐語 *léwksmn̥，派生自詞根*lewk- (「明亮」)。對比教會斯拉夫語 свѣтъ (světŭ, 「光；世界」)；匈牙利語 világ，原義為「光」。參見lumen。
發音
編輯名詞
編輯lume f (複數 lumi)
變格
編輯lume的變格
近義詞
編輯相關詞彙
編輯參見
編輯拓展閱讀
編輯- 《羅馬尼亞語諸詞典》（DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române）中有關lume的內容