附錄:斯氏核心詞/壯侗語
这是斯瓦迪斯的壮侗语系(侗台语系)语言的核心词列表,特别是泰语、老挝语、侗语(南部)、仡佬语、布央语、夜郎语、壮语、临高语、黎语和白苗语,与汉语的比较。
此列表包括:
- 泰语(+国际音标)——泰国(壮傣语支)
- 老挝语(+国际音标)——老挝语(壮傣语支)
- 侗语(南部)——中国贵州南部(榕江-漳鲁方言;侗-水语)
- 仡佬族——中国贵州南部(牛坡-六指方言;仡佬语)
- 布央——中国云南东南部(克拉语)
- 壮语北部方言(国际音标)——中国广西(武鸣方言;壮傣语支)
- 壮语南部方言(国际音标)——中国广西(大新县,龙州县;左江土语)
- 临高语 — 中国海南北部(临城方言;孤立分支)
- 黎语— 中国海南南部(哈方言;孤立分支)
- 白苗語(用于比较)- 老挝北部(苗瑤語系)
注:仡佬语和布央语与南岛语有很多相似之处,经常被认为是台卡岱语系和南岛语系之间的“缺失环节”。其他仡佬语的词用方括号给出。
列表
编辑No. | 英语 | 汉语 | 泰语
Thai |
泰语
国际音标 |
老挝语 | 老挝语 国际音标 |
掸语 | 左江壮语 | 侗语 南部方言 |
仡佬语 | 布央 (Yerong) |
壯語 (IPA) | 临高语 | 黎语 | 白苗語 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | I | 我 | 1.กู
2.ข้อย 3.ข้า 4.ตู 5.รา 6.เผือ |
1./ku1/
2./khoi3/ 3./kha3/ 4./tu1/ 5./ra1/ 6./phɯa1/ |
1.ຂ້ອຍ
2.ກູ |
1./khoi3/
2./ku1/ |
1./kau1/
2.tu1 |
|
jau212 | ei33 | ku54 | kou1 | hau2 | hou1, de3 | kuv |
2 | you | 你 | 1.เธอ
2.มึง 3.เจ้า |
1./thə1/
2./mɯŋ1/ 3./ tsau3/ |
ມຶງ, ເຈົ້າ | mɯŋ, t͡ɕȃw | sʰu1, maɯ4 | 1./maɯ1/
2./hɯa1/ 3./ni2/(汉) |
nya212 | mɯ31 | ma312 | mɯŋ2 | mə2 | meɯ1 | koj |
3 | he | 他/她/它 | 1.เขา2.มัน | 1./khau1/
2./man1/ |
ເຂົາ, ມັນ, ລາວ, ເພິ່ນ | kʰăo, lāo, phœn | man4 | 1./hau1/
2./min1/ |
mau33 | mi35 | kɛ54 | teː1, min2 | kə2 | na1 | nws |
4 | we | เรา | /rau1/ | ເຮົາ | /hau1/ | haw4 | /ɫau1/ | tau55, ziu55 | ti55 to31 | tsum54 ku54 | tou1, rɐu2 | hau2 lo4 | fa1 | peb, wb(雙數) | |
5 | you (plural) | พวกคุณ | phûakkhun | ພວກເຈົ້າ, ສູ | pʰuak.tɕao, suu | kʰɤ1 | xau35 | ti55 tɕo31 | ma312 | sou1 | mə2 lo4 | meɯ1 ta1 | nej, neb(雙數) | ||
6 | they | 他们 | พวกเขา, พวกมัน | phûakkháo, phûakman | ເຂົາ, ເຂົາເຈົ້າ, ພວກມັນ | kʰăo, kʰăot͡ɕȃw, phuakman | kʰaw1, pɤn3 | za33 mau33 | ti55 ma55 | tsum54 kɛ54 | klong5 teː1 | kə2 lo4 | khun2 | lawv, nkawd(雙數) | |
7 | this | 这 | นี้ | /ni3/ | ນີ້ | /ni3/ | naj5 | /ni3/ | nai33 | nyi35 | ni11 | neːi4 | nia2 | nei2 | no, nov |
8 | that | 那 | นั้น | /nan3/ | ນັ້ນ | /nan3/ | nan5 | /han3/ | za33, za53 | bɯ35 | hɐn4, teː1 | na4, nə4 | haɯ5, ma5 | ntawd | |
9 | here | ที่นี่ | /thi2 ni2/ | ບ່ອນນີ້ | bɔn niː | naj3 | /thi2 ni3/ | kiː2 neːi4 | nei2 | qhov no | |||||
10 | there | ที่นั่น | /thi2 nan2/ | ບ່ອນນັ້ນ | bɔn nan | pun5 | /thi2 han3/ | kiː2 hɐn4 | haɯ5, ma5 | ntawd | |||||
11 | who | ใคร, ผู้ใด | kʰrai, phudaj | ຜູ້ໃດ, ໃຜ | pʰuː daɯ, pʰuː daj, phaj | pʰu laɯ | naau212 | kan53 na55 | ma0 nɔ11 | pou4 lɐɯ2 | ləu2/nə2 na3 | leej twg | |||
12 | what | อะไร | ?aray | ອີ່ຫຍັງ | iː ɲaŋ | ʔi3 sʰaŋ1 | mang212 | vu33 tɕe55 | la0 pjɔ11 | maː2 | ki3/ti3 kai3 | dabtsi | |||
13 | where | ที่ไหน, ไหน | tʰiː naj, naj | ຢູ່ໃສ, ໃສ | juː saɯ, juː saj, saj | ti3 laɯ | /thi2 khaɯ1/
/thi2 rɯ1/ |
ki55 nu35 | va11 lɔ11 | kiː2 lɐɯ2 | ləu2 xɔt8 | qhov twg | |||
14 | when | เมื่อไร | mɯa rai | ຍາມໃດ, ເມື່ອໃດ | ɲaːm daɯ, ɲaːm daj, mueadaj | mɤ3 laɯ1 | /mɯa2 khaɯ1/ | mɯː6 lɐɯ2 | thaum twg | ||||||
15 | how | อย่างไร | yàaŋray | ຈັ່ງໃດ | t͡ɕaŋ daɯ, t͡ɕaŋ daj | het4 hɯ1 | /het5 rɯ1/
/pin1 rɯ1/ |
nu35 jang33 | ɕang55 ang31 | tɯŋ3 lɐɯ2 | i3 ləu2 | ua li cas | |||
16 | not | ไม่บ่ | 1./mai2/
2./bo2/ |
ບໍ່ | /bɔ2/ | /mau2/ | /mi2/
/bo2/ /na:u2/ |
'aai323 | ma55, o55 | ʔbou3, miː4 | mən2 | tsis | |||
17 | all | ทั้งหมด | tháŋmòt | ທັງຫມົດ | tʰáŋ mót | taŋ4 | /thaŋ1 ho1/ | lə35, xet13 | tɐŋ4 | huv/tib si | |||||
18 | many | หลาย | 1./laːi1/
2./maːk5/ |
ຫຼາຍ | /laːi/ | nam1 nam1 | /laːi1/ | lie31 | laːi1 | liau4 | hlooi1 | ntau, coob | |||
19 | some | บ้าง | /ba:ŋ3/ | ບາງ | bang | maaŋ1, kam3 pʰɔŋ3 | /ba:ŋ3/
/i3/ |
ʔbaːŋ3 | qee | ||||||
20 | few | น้อย | /nɔːi3/ | ນ້ອຍ | nɔːi3 | ʔe2 ʔe2 | /nɔːi3/ | khe31 khe35 | ɛt7 | tiu3 | rau2 | mentsis, tsawg | |||
21 | other | อื่น | /ɯːn2/ | ອື່ນ | ʔɯːn | ʔɯn2, taaŋ2 | /ən2/ | ʔɯn5 | lwm | ||||||
22 | one | หนึ่ง | nʉ̀ŋ | ນຶ່ງ | nɨ̄ŋ | nɯŋ3 | /nɯŋ2/ | 'i55, 'ət55 | tsi55 | am24 | ʔdeu1, ʔit7 | it7, hə3 | tsheɯ3, tsɯ2 | ib | |
23 | two | สอง | sɔ̌ɔŋ | ສອງ | sɔ̌ːŋ | sʰɔŋ1 | /slɔ:ŋ1/ | ja323, nyi33 | sɯ31 | ɕa54 | so:ŋ1, ŋeːi6 | ngi4, ngəi4, vɔn3 | hlau3 | ob | |
24 | three | สาม | sǎam | ສາມ | săːm | sʰaam1 | /sla:m1/ | sam35 | ta31 | tu54 | saːm1 | tam1 | fu3 | peb | |
25 | four | สี่ | sìi | ສີ່ | sīː | sʰi2 | /sli2/ | si453 | pu55 | pa54 | seːi5 | ti3, tə3, təi3 | tshau3 | plaub | |
26 | five | ห้า | hâa | ຫ້າ | hȁː | haa3 | /ha3/ | ngo31 | mlɯ31 | ma312 | haː3, ŋuː4 | nga3, ngo4, ngu4 | pa1 | tsib | |
27 | big | 1.หลวง. | 1./luəŋ1/
2./jai2/ 3./to1/ |
ໃຫຍ່ | ɲaɯ, ɲaj | jaɯ2 | /luəŋ1/
/jaɯ2/ /thau1/ |
mak323 | dzung31 | lu:ŋ24 | hung1, laːu4 | nyɔ3 | long1, laan2 | loj | |
28 | long | ยาวรี | 1./ja:u1/
2./ri1/ |
ຍາວ | ɲaːw | jaaw4 | /ri1/ | jai323 | lui33 | ði24 | rɐi2 | lɔi1 | taau3 | ntev | |
29 | wide | กว้าง | /kwa:ŋ3/ | ກວ້າງ | /kwa:ŋ3/ | /kwa:ŋ3/ | /kwa:ŋ3/ | khwang13 | tsə33 | kwa:ŋ24 | kwaːŋ5 | xuat7 | beeng1 | dav | |
30 | thick | หนา | /na1/ | ໜາ | /na1/ | /na1/ | /na1/ | na55 | qə33 ngie35 | (ta0) na312 | naː1 | na1 | tuab | ||
31 | heavy | หนัก | /nak4/ | ໜັກ | /nak4/ | /nak4/ | /nak4/ | zhaan35 | gung31 gung31 | (qa0) naŋ11 | nɐk7 | xɔn1 | hnyav | ||
32 | small | เล็ก, น้อย | lék, nɔ́ɔy | ນ້ອຍ | nɔ̑ːy | lek5, ʔit4 | ni53 | plei31 ple35 | ɛŋ24 | leːk8, ʔiː3 | nɔk7 | eny2 | me | ||
33 | short | สั้น | /san3/ | ສັ້ນ | /san3/ | pɔt4 | /tin3/(汉)
/slan3/ |
thaam453 | ṇei35 ṇei31 | ti11 | kɛn5 | xut8 | thatt7 | luv | |
34 | narrow | แคบ | /khɛ:p5/ | ແຄບ | kʰɛ̑ːp | kɛp3 | /kap4/
/kep4/ |
sok35 | ngang31 | kap11 | kɛp8, heːp8 | ep8, tsek7 | biip7 | nqaim | |
35 | thin | บาง | /baːŋ1/ | ບາງ | /baːŋ1/ | jɔm1 | /baːŋ1/ | mang55 | vu33, qə33 ʑi31 | (ta0) vɛ11 | ʔbaːŋ1 | viang1 | nyias | ||
36 | woman | หญิง | yǐŋ | ຍິງ | ɲíŋ | mɛ3 jiŋ4 | mjek323, tu212 sa31 | ma55 'lo55 | ma0 iŋ24 | ʔbɯk7 | mai4 lək8 | pai3 khau2 | pojniam | ||
37 | man | ชาย | chaay | ຊາຍ | sáːy | t͡saːj4 | lak31 pan55 | paɯ55 'lo55 | la:k0 ɕɛ54 | saːi1 | da3 xiang4 | pha3 maan1 | txiv neej | ||
38 | human | คน | khon | ຄົນ | kʰón | kon4 | /khən1/ | nyən212(漢) | qa33 tshu35 | ma0 iŋ31 | pou4, hun2 | leng1 hun2 | u2 aau1 | neeg | |
39 | child | เด็ก | dèk | ເດັກ, ລູກ | dék, lȗːk | luk3 | /luk5/ | lak31 'un323 | la35 lie55 | la:k11 | lɯk8 (ŋeː2) | me nyuam | |||
40 | wife | เมีย | mia | ເມຍ | míaː | me4 | /me2/ | mai31 | lɯ55 mi55 | ma0 liu312 | naːŋ2 | mai4 lək8 | poj niam | ||
41 | husband | ผัว | phǔa | ຜົວ | pʰŭaː | pʰo1 | /pho2/ | sau31 | la31 ba31 | qhɯ:i11 | kwaːn1 | da3 xiang4 | txiv | ||
42 | mother | แม่ | mâeae | ແມ່ | mɛ̄ː | mɛ3 | /me3/ | naai31 | a55 mi55 | miə11 | meː6 | mai4 lau4 | niam | ||
43 | father | พ่อ | phɔ̂ɔ | ພໍ່ | pʰɔ̄ː | pɔ3 | /pho2/
/pa2/ |
pu31 | a55 ba33 | pa11 | poː6 | be2 lau4 | txiv | ||
44 | animal | สัตว์(梵) | sàt | ສັດ(梵) | sát | sʰat4 | toŋ6 tuː2 | tsiaj | |||||||
45 | fish | ปลา | plaa | ປາ | paː | paa1 | /pja1/ | pa55 | ma55 liɯ31 | ma0 la312 | plaː1 | ba1 | hla1 | ntses | |
46 | bird | นก | nók | ນົກ | nōk | nok5 | /nok5/ | mok21 | ma33 no35 | ma0 nuk11 | rok8 | nok8 | tatt7 | noog | |
47 | dog | หมา | mǎa | ໝາ | măː | maa1 | /ma1/ | ngwa35 | ṃɯ31 | qoi24 | maː1 | ma1 | pa1 | dev | |
48 | louse (body, head) |
เล็น, เหา | len, hǎo | ເມັ່ນ, ເຫົາ | mén, hăo | men4, haw1 | /lin1/
/hau1/ |
naan55, tau55 | tung53 | (qa0) tu54 | nɐn2, rɐu1 | dɔn2, kat7 | tuv | ||
49 | snake | งู | ŋuu | ງູ | ŋúː | ŋu4 | /ŋu1/ | sui212 | ma55 ngɯ31 | ŋa312 | ŋɯː2 | ngia2 | za2 | nab | |
50 | worm | หนอน | nɔ̌ɔn | ໜອນ | nɔ̆ːn | moŋ3 | /mo:n1/ | saan31 | ŋa312 in11 | no:n1 | cua nab | ||||
51 | tree | ต้นไม้ | ton maːj | ຕົ້ນໄມ້ | tȏn mai | maj5 | /mai3/ | ti31 | mɐi4 | dun3 | tshai1 | ntoo | |||
52 | forest | 1.ดง
2.ป่า |
doŋ, pàa | ດົງ, ປ່າ | doŋ, pāː | tʰɤn2 | /doŋ1/ | qaŋ24 qa0 tui54 | ʔdoŋ1 | zoov | |||||
53 | stick | กิ่ง | kìŋ | ໄມ້ | mai | kʰɔn5 | /hiŋ2/ | ŋaːm6 | ceg | ||||||
54 | fruit | ผลไม้ | pʰon la maːj | ໝາກໄມ້ | mȁːk mai | maak2 | /ma:k5/ | tui55, təm33 | ma35 | ma:k11 | maːk7 | mak8 | txiv | ||
55 | seed | เม็ด | mét | ເມັດ | mēt | met5 | /fan1/ | ɕeː6 | vɔn2 | tseeng1 | noob | ||||
56 | leaf | ใบ | /bai1/ | ໃບ | /baɯ1/ | tɔŋ1 | /baɯ1/ | pa53 | dʑi31 dʑi31 | (qa0) ʔdɛŋ31 | ʔbɐɯ1 | nplooj | |||
57 | root | ราก | râak | ຮາກ | hȃːk | haak3, ho1 | /la:k5/ | sang35 | tsu31 tsu31 | (qa0) ɕa:ŋ54 | raːk8 | nya2 | kei1 | cag | |
58 | bark (of a tree) | เปลือก, ผิว | plʉ̀ak, phǐw | ເປືອກ, ກາບ | pɨ̏aːk, kȁːp | pɤk2 | /pɯak5/ | nɐŋ1 mɐi4 | tawv | ||||||
59 | flower | ดอก | dɔ̀ɔk | ດອກ | dɔ̏ːk | mɔk2 | /bjɔ:k5/ | nuk323 | hu55 ngo53 | ma0 ŋa11 | ʔdo:k7 | hua1(漢) | tsheeng1 | paj | |
60 | grass | หญ้า | yâa | ຫຍ້າ | ɲȁː | jɤ3 | /ja3/ | nyang13 | (qa0) ɲa11 | ɲɯː3 | bɔt7 | kan3 | nyom | ||
61 | rope | 1.เชือก2.สาย | 1./tshɯak5/
2./sla:i1/ |
1ເຊືອກ
2.ສາຍ |
1./sɯak5/
2./sa:i1/ |
tsɤk3 | 1./tshɯak5/
2./sla:i1/ |
lam33 | ɕaːk8 | hlua | |||||
62 | skin | หนัง | /naŋ1/ | ໜັງ | /naŋ1/ | /naŋ1/ | /naŋ1/ | pi212(漢) | mu33 qu35 | ʔbuŋ31 | nɐŋ1 | tawv | |||
63 | meat | เนื้อ | /nɯa3/ | ເນຶ້ອ | /nɯa3/ | nɤ5 | /nɯa3/ | nan31 | 'vu33 | uə24 | noː6 | nqaij | |||
64 | blood | เลือด | /lɯat5/ | ເລືອດ | /lɯat5/ | lɤt3 | /lɯat5/ | phat13 | pla35 | qha24 | lɯ:t8 | ba'7 | hlaatt7 | ntshav | |
65 | bone | กระดูก, ก้าง | 1./kra1du:k5/
2./ka:ŋ3/ |
ກະດູກ | /ka1du:k5/ | lup2 | 1./duk5/
2./ka:ŋ3/ |
lak323 | qa33 qei31 de13; [tang21] | (qa0) ʔda:k31 | ʔdo:k7 | ua'8 | pob-txha | ||
66 | fat (noun) | มัน | man | ມັນ | mán | man4 kʰaj1 | /phi1/ | ju22 | qə33 den33 | piː2 | roj | ||||
67 | egg | ไข่ | khày | ໄຂ່ | kʰāy | kʰaj2 | kaai53 | pa33 tung53 | qa0 tam54 | klɐi5 | zɯɯm1 | qe | |||
68 | horn | เขา | khǎo | ເຂົາ | kʰăo | kʰaw1 | vu31 qo31 | kɐu1 | hau1 | kub | |||||
69 | tail | หาง | hǎaŋ | ຫາງ | hăːŋ | haaŋ1 | sət55 | qa0 ɕut11 | ri:ŋ1 | tw | |||||
70 | feather | ขน | khǒn | ຂົນ | kʰŏn | kʰon1 | pjən55 | qa33 mei35 | mui11 | pɯn1 | vun2 | hun1 | plaub | ||
71 | hair | ผม | phǒm | ຜົມ | pʰŏm | pʰom1 | pjaam55 | qə33 sung31 | ma0 ɕa:m54(漢) | plom1, jɐm1 | fui1, sɔu3 | dan2 gwou3 | plaub-hau | ||
72 | head | หัว | hǔa | ຫົວ | hǔa | ho1 | kau323 | tɛ31 lui35 | qa0 ðu11 | klɐu3 | hau3 | gwou3 | taub-hau | ||
73 | ear | หู | hǔu | ຫູ | hǔː | hu1 | kha35 | pa35 vei31 | ta0 ða312 | rɯː2 | sa1 | zai1 | pob-ntseg | ||
74 | eye | ตา | taa | ຕາ | tàː | taa1 | ta55 | mu33 tɯ31 | ma0 ta54 | taː1 | da1 | tsha1 | (qhov)-muag | ||
75 | nose | จมูก | camùuk | ດັງ | daŋ | kʰu3 laŋ1 | maang55 | te31 ngɛ35 | (qa0) tiŋ213 | ʔdɐng1 | lɔng1 | khat7 | (qhov)-ntswg | ||
76 | mouth | ปาก | pàak | ປາກ | pȁːk | sʰop4 | 'əp55 | ŋoŋ312 | paːk7 | bak7 | pom3 | (qhov)-ncauj | |||
77 | tooth | ฟัน | fan | ແຂ້ວ | kʰɛ̏ːw | kʰew3 | pjaan55 | plang31 | (qa0) ɕɔŋ54 | heːu3, fɐn2 | tin1 | fan1 | hniav | ||
78 | tongue (organ) | ลิ้น | lín | ລີ້ນ | lȋːn | lin5 | ma212 | dɯ35 maɯ31 | ma0 lɛn11 | lin4 | lin4 | hliin3 | nplaig | ||
79 | fingernail | เล็บ | lép | ເລັບ | lēp | nep5 | mie31 lie35 mi31 | rip8 fɯŋ2 | da1 lək8 mɔ2 | (tsɯ2) liip7 | rau tes | ||||
80 | foot | เท้า, ตีน | tháaw, tiin | ຕີນ | tiːn | tin1 | tin55 | qo35 | ʑuŋ31 | tin1 | kok7 | tett7, khok7 | ko-taw | ||
81 | leg | ขา | khǎa | ຂາ | kʰăː | kaaw3 | na31 qo31 | kaː1 | va2 | ha1 | ceg | ||||
82 | knee | เข่า | khào | ເຂົ່າ | kʰāo | kʰaw2 | tu31 qu35 | klɐu3 hoː5 | gwou3 rou1 | (hauv) caug | |||||
83 | hand | มือ | mʉʉ | ມື | mɨ́ | mɯ4 | mja212 | pa31 mi31 | ŋɛk11 | fɯŋ2 | mɔ2 | meɯ1 | tes | ||
84 | wing | ปีก | pìik | ປີກ | pȉːk | pik2 | pa53 | fɯ:t8 | phiik7 | tis | |||||
85 | belly | พุง | phuŋ | ໂພ່ນ | pʰōːn | tɔŋ5 | long212 | pu33 hlang33 | (qa0) luŋ54 | tuŋ4 | bo'8 | pok7 | plab | ||
86 | guts | ไส้ | sây | ໄສ້ | sȁi | sʰaj3 | sai323 | qa33 ɕe33 | (qa0) ɕi24 | sɐi3 | tse4 | raai3 | hnyuv | ||
87 | neck | คอ, ศอ | khɔɔ, sɔ̌ɔ | ຄໍ | kʰɔ́ː | kʰɔ4 | nyən33 | tang31 lang31 | (qa0) ʑɔ312 | hoː2 | (tsɯ2) zong3 | caj-dab | |||
88 | back | หลัง | lǎŋ | ຫຼັງ | lăŋ | ʔɛw1 | lai212 | tang35 kang53 | (qa0) ʔdiŋ24 | lɐŋ1 | (tsɯ2) tshuny3 | nrob qaum | |||
89 | breast | นม | nom | ນົມ | nóm | nom4 | nyo31, mi212 | pa31 pa35 | ɛm11 | ʔɐk7 | tsei1 | mis | |||
90 | heart | ใจ | t͡ɕaj | ໃຈ | t͡ɕaɯ, t͡ɕaj | ho1 tsaɯ | tei31 hlei55 | ɕɐɯ1, sɐm1 | mak8 tim1 | hlaau3 | plawv | ||||
91 | liver | ตับ | tàp | ຕັບ | táp | tap4 | taap55 | tie35 | (qa0) tap54 | tap7 | dɔp7 | ngaan1 | siab | ||
92 | to drink | ดื่ม | dʉ̀ʉm | ດື່ມ | dɨ̄ːm | sʰot5 | wum31 | zan55 | (qa0) ʑɔt11 | ʔdum5 | hjaau1, tshɯp7, ook9 | haus | |||
93 | to eat | กิน | kin | ກິນ | kìn | kin1 | zan55 | ka31 | ka:n54 | kɯn1 | kɔn1 | la2 | noj | ||
94 | to bite | กัด | kàt | ກັດ | kát | kʰop4 | 'it31 | tsang55 | (qa0) ðam11 | hɐp8 | kap8 | kaany3 | tom | ||
95 | to suck | ดูด | dùut | ດູດ | dȕːt | lut2 | tsi35 | ɲup54 | ɕup7 | ntxais | |||||
96 | to spit | ถ่ม, คาย | thòm, khaay | ຖົ່ມ, ຄາຍ | tʰōm, kʰáːy | tʰom2 | phju453 | qə33 thu35 | (qa0) tu11 | piː1 | phi2 | nti, nto | |||
97 | to vomit | อ้วก, อาเจียน | ?ûak, ?aacian | ຮາກ | hȃːk | haak3 | wen35, nye55 | qə33 ta35 | ta:u312 | ru:k8 | feek7 | ntuav | |||
98 | to blow | เป่า | paw | ເປົ່າ | paw | paw2 | səp21, wet13 | hip54 | poː5 | ou2 | tshuab | ||||
99 | to breathe | หายใจ | hǎaycay | ຫາຽໃຈ | haːj t͡ɕaɯ, haːj t͡ɕaj | tʰoj3 tsaɯ | ti:u1 ɕəɯ1 | ua pa | |||||||
100 | to laugh | หัวเราะ | hǔːa rɔ́ʔ | ຫົວ | hǔːa | kʰo1 | ko55 | (qa0) ɕɔ53 | ri:u1 | liau1 | luag | ||||
101 | to see | เห็น | hěn | ເຫັນ | hěn | han1 | nu53, naang212 | qə33 lɯ35 | qai54 han24 | hɐn1 | pom | ||||
102 | to hear | ยิน | yin | ຍິນ | ɲín | ŋin4 | xong55 kha35, zhing 453 | nyung35 | ʑak54 | ɲiː1 | heng3 | hnov | |||
103 | to know | รู้ | rúu | ຮູ້ | hûː | hu5 | wo31 | sɯ31 | roː1 | paub | |||||
104 | to think | คิด | khít, ?àan | ຄຶດ | kʰɨ̄t | won5, tʰɤm1 | mje33 | nɯ312 | nɐm3, mɐi6 | xav | |||||
105 | to smell | ดม | dom | ດົມ | dòm | nom1 | hom24 | sup7 | tsw | ||||||
106 | to fear | กลัว | klua | ຢ້ານ | jaːn | ko1 | jau13 | pu33 lɯ31 | i11 vau24 | laːu1 | ntshai | ||||
107 | to sleep | นอน | nɔɔn | ນອນ | nɔ́ːn | nɔn4 | nun212, naak35 | ngu35 | u11 | nin2 | tsaug zog | ||||
108 | to live | อยู่, อาศัย | yùu, ?aasǎi | ຢູ່ | yūː | ju2 | nyau33 | (qa0) ʔdip54 | liː4 | nyob | |||||
109 | to die | ตาย | taay | ຕາຍ | tàːy | taaj1 | taai55 | plan31 | la:m312 | taːi1 | tuag | ||||
110 | to kill | ฆ่า | khâa | ຂ້າ | kʰȁː | kʰaa3 | sa13(漢) | zen31 | ma0 tɛ54 | kaː3 | tua | ||||
111 | to fight | สู้ | sûu | ສູ້ | suː | tɯk4 | ʔdoːi5 | sib-ntaus | |||||||
112 | to hunt | ล่า | lâa | ລ່າ | lāː | tsɔm4 to1 tʰɤn2 | tɯk7 ɲan1 | plob hav zoov | |||||||
113 | to hit | ตี | tii | ຕີ | tìː | mɛn3 | heu35, 'ui53 | 'lɯ35 | tup11 | tup8 | thaai2 | ntaus | |||
114 | to cut | ตัด | tàt | ຕັດ | tát | tɛp4, pʰan4 | taat55, paam323 | tɛ55, tshɛ35 | tɐt7, ro:n5 | txiav | |||||
115 | to split | ผ่า | phàa | ຜ່າ | pʰaː | tɛk2, tsak4 | nye53, xek13 | fei31 | pha:k11 | paː5, pɐn1 | phua | ||||
116 | to stab | แทง, เสียบ | thaeaeŋ, sìap | ແທງ, ສຽບ | tʰɛ́ːŋ, sȉap | tɛŋ4 | ʔbɔŋ11 | ɕok8, pɐŋ5 | nkaug, nplhos | ||||||
117 | to scratch | เกา | kao | ເກົາ | kàu | kʰaan2, jaaj4 | kweːt7, kɐu1 | khawb | |||||||
118 | to dig | ขุด | khùt | ຂຸດ | kʰút | kʰut4 | te53, laau55, 'on55 | ʔba:k11 | ʔbɯt7 | hjut7, tshou1 | khawb | ||||
119 | to swim | ว่าย | wâay | ລອຍ | lɔ́ːy | luj4, waaj3 | a:p11 | ʔaːp7 | ua luam (dej) | ||||||
120 | to fly | บิน | bin | ບິນ | bìn | min1 | pən323 | paɯ31 paɯ35 | ta0 ʔbin31 | ʔbin1 | ya | ||||
121 | to walk | เดิน | dəən | ຍ່າງ | ɲaːŋ | paj1 | zham13 | bi31 | la0 vi312 | plaːi3 | fei1 | taug kev | |||
122 | to come | มา | maa | ມາ | máː | maa4 | ma35, taang55 | do31 | ma54 | maː1, tɐu3 | tuaj | ||||
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | นอน | nɔɔn | ນອນ | nɔ́ːn | lɛŋ5 | nin2 | pw | |||||||
124 | to sit | นั่ง | nâŋ | ນັ່ງ | nāŋ | naŋ3 | sui53 | qaɯ33 | (qa0) tu24 | nɐŋ6 | ngo1 | tsong3 | zaum | ||
125 | to stand | ยืน | yʉʉn | ຢືນ | yɨ̀ːn | tsuk4 | jun55 | lo35 tsi31 | ma54 | ʔdɯn1 | sawv ntsug | ||||
126 | to turn (intransitive) | หัน | hǎn | ຫັນ | hǎn | win2 | vɛ31 | pɐn5 | tig | ||||||
127 | to fall | ตก, หล่น | tòk, lòn | ຕົກ | tók | tok4 | to35 | tuk54 | tok7 | poob | |||||
128 | to give | ให้ | hây | ໃຫ້ | haɯ, haj | pan1 | na35 | hɐɯ3 | se1 | muab rau | |||||
129 | to hold | จับ | t͡ɕap | ຈັບ | t͡ɕap | jip4 | um323 | mi11 | hoː4 | tuav, puag | |||||
130 | to squeeze | คั้น | khán | ຄັ້ນ | kʰân | pan3 | tɔk11 | to:k7 | nyem(漢) | ||||||
131 | to rub | ถู, นวด | thǔu, nûat | ຖູ | tʰuː | tʰu1 | kot8, ɕuː1 | mos(漢) | |||||||
132 | to wash | ล้าง | láaŋ | ລ້າງ | lang | sʰuk3 | pia35 | sɐk8, raː5 | ntxuav | ||||||
133 | to wipe | เช็ด | chét | ເຊັດ | set | tset5 | maːt8 | so | |||||||
134 | to pull | ดึง, ลาก | dʉŋ, lâak | ດຶງ | dɯng | tɯt5 | neːŋ6 | rub | |||||||
135 | to push | ผลัก | phlàk | ຊຸກ | suk | tam1 | ʔuŋ1 | thawb | |||||||
136 | to throw | ขว้าง, ปา | khwâaŋ, paa | ແກວ່ງ | kwɛ̄ːŋ | tʰim3, pɛt3 | 'ʑaɯ31 | vit11 | vit7 | pov | |||||
137 | to tie | ผูก | phùuk | ຜູກ | pʰȕːk | mat5 | suk31 | tat54 | rɐk7 | khi | |||||
138 | to sew | เย็บ | yép | ຫຍິບ | ɲíp | jep5 | pang55 | ɲip11 | ɲip8 | xaws | |||||
139 | to count | นับ | náp | ນັບ | nāp | ʔaan2 | jaai33 | ɕua:n54 | keː5, su:n5 | suav | |||||
140 | to say | บอก | bɔ̀ɔk | ບອກ | bɔːk | waa3, laat3 | wa33 | ɕi31 | i11 | nɐu2, kaːŋ3 | riin1 | hais | |||
141 | to sing | ร้อง | rɔ́ɔŋ | ຮ້ອງ | hɔŋ | het4 | da31 | ʔeːu1 | hu/hais nkauj | ||||||
142 | to play | เล่น | lên | ຫລິ້ນ | lin | len3 | li:u6 | ua si | |||||||
143 | to float | ลอย | lɔɔy | ລອຍ | lɔːj | pʰu4 | fou4 | ntab | |||||||
144 | to flow | ไหล | lǎy | ໄຫລ | lǎi | laj1 | 'ui35 | hlei33 hlei33 | ta0 lui312 | lɐi1 | ləi1 | ntws | |||
145 | to freeze | แช่เย็น | t͡ɕʰɛː jen | ແຊ່ເຢັນ | sɛː jen | klot7 | khov | ||||||||
146 | to swell | บวม | buam | ບວມ | buam | tɯŋ2, kaɯ3, pʰot5 | kɯ312 | ʔboŋ2 | o | ||||||
147 | sun | ตะวัน | tawan | ຕະເວັນ | taʔ ʋen | wan4 | ta55 maan55 | lu55 vu55 | ʔdit7, tɐng1 ŋon2 | da1 vən2 | tsha1 hwan1 | hnub | |||
148 | moon | เดือน | dʉan, | ເດືອນ | dɯan | lɤn1 | kwang55 nyan55 | eng55 dʑi31 | luŋ11 tɛn11 | (roŋ6) ʔdɯ:n1 | mai4 sai1 | nyaan1 | hli | ||
149 | star | ดาว | daaw | ດາວ | daːw | laaw1 | xət55 | dung31 dɛ55 | la:ŋ11 lɔŋ312 | ʔdaːu1( dei5) | lək8 sai1 | raau1 | hnub qub | ||
150 | water | น้ำ | náam | ນ້ຳ | nȃm | nam5 | naam31 | eng55 | ɔŋ24 | rɐm4 | nam4 | nom3 | dej | ||
151 | rain | ฝน | fǒn | ຝົນ | fŏn | pʰon1 | pjən55 | man31 | ʑu:t11 | hun1 | fun1 | fun1 | nag | ||
152 | river | แม่น้ำ | mâenáam | ແມ່ນ້ຳ | mɛ̄ː nȃm | mɛ3 nam5 | nya55 | hɯ55(漢) | taː6 | hɔ2(漢) | nom3 | dej | |||
153 | lake | ทะเลสาบ | thaleesàap | ທະເລ | tʰā léː | nɔŋ1 | huː2 | pas dej | |||||||
154 | sea | ทะเล; มหาสมุทร(梵) | thalee, mahǎasamùt | ທະເລ | tʰā léː | paaŋ2 laaj2 | haai13 | ha:i24 | haːi3 | hai3 | laang3 | hiav-txwv | |||
155 | salt | เกลือ | klʉa | ເກືອ | kɨaː | kɤ1 | jim212 | qa0 ɲɔ312 | kuː1 | ntsev | |||||
156 | stone | หิน | hǐn | ຫິນ | hĭn | hin1 | zin55, pja55 | eng53 | pja312 | rin1 | din2 | tshiin1 | (pob)-zeb | ||
157 | sand | ทราย | saay | ຊາຽ | sáːy | sʰaaj4 | xe35 | ɔt11 ɕi11 a:i31 | saː1 | tang1 | phou2 | (hmoov) zeb | |||
158 | dust | ฝุ่น | fùn | ຝຸ່ນ | fūn | pʰɔŋ1 | pung53 | (la0) muk11 | mok7 mo:n5 | fuung3 | (hmoov) av | ||||
159 | earth | ดิน | din | ດິນ | din | lin1 | nam33 | lu35, pu31 daɯ35 | ɔt11 | naːm6 | bong2 | van1 | av | ||
160 | cloud | เมฆ | mêek | ເມກ | mȇːk | mɔk2 | ma323 | qə33 pu55 | la0 muk11 ʔbun54 | fɯː3 | ba4 | deek7 fa3 | huab | ||
161 | fog | หมอก | mɔ̀ɔk | ໝອກ | mɔ̏ːk | nam5 naaj4 kum3 | mun212 | la0 muk11 | mok7 | ngiau4 | pos huab | ||||
162 | sky | ฟ้า | fáa | ຟ້າ | fȃː | pʰaa5 | mən55 | lui31 lui31 | ʔbun54 | ʔbɯn1 | fa3 | fa3 | ntuj | ||
163 | wind | ลม | lom | ລົມ | lóm | lom4 | ləm212 | vei55 ʑung31 | la0 van312 | rum2 | van3 | hwoot7 | cua | ||
164 | snow | หิมะ(梵) | himá | ຫິມະ(梵) | hímā | moj | nui55 | ken33 ne33 aɯ35 | nɐi1 | npu | |||||
165 | ice | น้ำแข็ง | náamkhǎeŋ | ນ້ຳກ້ອນ | nȃmkɔ̑ːn | nam5 kʰɛŋ1 | ;u53, 'ang13 | nɐi1 haːŋ1 | beng2(漢) | dej khov, nab kuab | |||||
166 | smoke | ควัน | khwan | ຄວັນ | kʰuán | kwaan4, ʔaaj1 | kwaan212 | xei31 | qhat11 | ʔon5 | hwoon1 | ncho pa | |||
167 | fire | ไฟ | fay | ໄຟ | fáy | pʰaj4 | pui55 | pui54 | feːi2 | vəi2 | fei1 | taws | |||
168 | ash | เถ้า | thâo | ເທົ່າ | tʰāo | taw3 | phuk13 | qa0 la11 | tɐu6 | lɔ4 vəi2 | tshauv | ||||
169 | to burn | เผา | phǎo | ເຜົາ | pʰăo | maj3 | ɕa11 | ɕom6 | kub | ||||||
170 | road | ทาง | thaaŋ | ທາງ | tʰáːŋ | taaŋ4 | khwən35 | qə33 'lan31 | pjɔŋ11 qhun54 | hon1 | kev | ||||
171 | mountain | เขา | kʰaw | ພູ | pʰúː | lɔj1 | qə33 dzo31 | zən212 | ʔdoi1, poː1, plaː1(花崗岩) | tia4 | hwou3, daau3 | roob, toj | |||
172 | red | แดง | daeaeŋ | ແດງ | dɛːŋ | lɛŋ1 | ja453 | pla31 die35 | la:n11 | ʔding1 | hong2, ling1 | gaan3, deeng3 | liab | ||
173 | green | เขียว | khǐaw | ຂຽວ | kʰĭaːw | kʰew1 | su35 | lɯ55 ngɯ55 | lok11(漢) | heːu1 | heu1 | khiiu1 | ntsuab | ||
174 | yellow | เหลือง | lʉ̌aŋ | ເຫຼືອງ | lɨ̆aːŋ | lɤŋ1 | man13 | tin55 nyi55 | ŋa:n11 | heːn3 | lang1 | zeeng1 | daj | ||
175 | white | ขาว | khǎaw | ຂາວ | kʰăːo | kʰaaw1 | pak31(漢) | paɯ31 paɯ35 | ɔk11 | haːu1 | fiak8 | khaau1 | dawb | ||
176 | black | ดำ | dam | ດຳ | dam | lam1 | naam55 | lu55 | ʔdam31 | ʔdɐm1, fo:n4 | lam1 | dom3, look7 | dub | ||
177 | night | กลางคืน | klaaŋkhʉʉn | ກາງຄືນ | kaːŋkʰɨ́ːn | kʰɯn4 | zan55, nyaam53 | vei31 | hɐm6 | pai3 tshop7 | tsaus ntuj | ||||
178 | day | กลางวัน | klaaŋwan | ກາງວັນ | kaːŋwán | wan4 | maan55 | ung31 | van54 | ŋon2 | pai3 hwan1 | hnub | |||
179 | year | ปี | pii | ປີ | piː | pi1 | nyin212(漢) | hei31 | pi:ŋ312 | piː1 | vəi2 | pou2 | xyoo | ||
180 | warm | อุ่น | ?ùn | ອຸ່ນ | ūn | ʔun2 | sau323 | qə33 den31 | qa0 tɔt11 | rɐu3 | un3 lun3 | kub, sov | |||
181 | cold | หนาว | nǎaw | ໜາວ | năːw | kat4 | ljaak35, jim453 | qə33 ʑi13 | ʔbot11 | ɕeːŋ4 | no | ||||
182 | full | เต็ม | tem | ເຕັມ | tem | tem1 | tɕi35 | rim1 | puv | ||||||
183 | new | ใหม่ | mày | ໃໝ່ | maɯ, maj | maɯ2 | maai453 | [mu55] | ma:n312 | moː5 | nau4 | paan1 | tshiab | ||
184 | old (things, people) |
แก่, เฒ่า | kàeae, thâo | ແກ່, ເຖົ້າ | kɛ̄ː, tʰȁo | kaw2, tʰaw3 | lau31(漢) | 'ʑɯ55 | qu11 | keː5 | kau3 | khau2, maan1; za1 | laus, qub | ||
185 | good | ดี | dii | ດີ | dìː | li1 | lai55 | gei55 | ŋai24 | ʔdeːi1 | mai2 | hleny1 | zoo | ||
186 | bad | เลว, ชั่ว | leew, chûua | ຊົ່ວ | sūaː | haaj5, tsaa5 | ja31 | vu31 a35 | tuk55 ɕaŋ11 | rɯːi4, vaːi6, jaːk7 | fai4 | reek7 | phem | ||
187 | rotten | เน่า | nâo | ເນົ່າ | nāo | naw3, tu2 | nɐu6 | lwj | |||||||
188 | dirty | สกปรก | sòkkapròk | ເປືຶ້ອນ | pɨ̑aːn | ko3, win4 | wa53, wok21 | ɔŋ11 am31 | pɯn5 | txab, ceb | |||||
189 | straight | ตรง | troŋ | ຊື່, ກົງ | sɨ̄ː, koŋ | sʰɯ3 | soː6 | muutt7 | ncaj | ||||||
190 | round | กลม, มน | klom, mon | ກົມ, ມົນ | kom, món | mon4 | qə33 lung35 | mɯn2, du:n1, lu:n2 | vin2 | kheej-kheej | |||||
191 | sharp (as a knife) | คม | khom | ຄົມ, ແຫຼມ | kʰóm, lɛ̆ːm | lɛm1 | jai33 | tsit54 | hɐm2 | ntse | |||||
192 | dull (as a knife) | ทื่อ | thʉ̂ʉ | ຕູ້, ໝຸ່ມ | tûː, mȕm | puk4 | təp21 | (qa0) nan312 | pum3, mɐu2 | npub | |||||
193 | smooth | ละมุน | lamun | ລະມຸນ | lāmún | lɤm3 | thɛ31 thɛ35 | lɯ:n5, lɯ:m3 | du | ||||||
194 | wet | เปียก | pìak | ປຽກ | piȁːk | jam4, pek2 | jaak55 | tsaɯ35 | ðak1 | ʔdɐk7 | ntub | ||||
195 | dry | แห้ง | hâeaeŋ | ແຫ້ງ | hɛ̏ːŋ | hɛŋ3 | so323 | qha11 | hɐɯ5 | qhuav | |||||
196 | correct | ถูก | tʰuːk | ຖືກ, ແມ່ນ | tʰɨ̏ːk, mɛ̄ːn | mɛn3 | nyaang212 | tuə11 | teːŋ1 | xɔk8 sit8 | tseeb | ||||
197 | near | ใกล้ | klây | ໃກ້ | kaɯ, kaj | tsam1 | zaan31 | qə33 lu55 | thuə24 | klɐɯ3 | lɔ3 | plaɯ3 | ze | ||
198 | far | ไกล | klay | ໄກ | kaj | kaj1 | kai55 | ma0 ði24 | klɐi1 | lɔi1 | lai1 | deb | |||
199 | right | ขวา | khwǎa | ຂວາ | kʰuăː | kʰwaa1 | wa35 | tsɯ31 | (qa0) mi11 | kwaː2 | teny2, khuung1 | (sab) xis | |||
200 | left | ซ้าย | sáay | ຊ້າຽ | saːj | sʰaaj5 | ze323 | zɯ31 | (qa0) leu11 | sɯːi4 | hwiing1, hlum3 | (sab)-laug | |||
201 | at | ที่ | thîi | ທີ່ | tʰīː | ti3 | nyau33 | ang31 | jou5 | ntawm, tom | |||||
202 | in | ใน | nay | ໃນ | naɯ, naj | waaŋ3 | 'aau31 | ʔdɐɯ1 | hauv | ||||||
203 | with | กับ, ด้วย | kàp, dûay | ກັບ, ນຳ | kap, nam | taŋ4, ʔik2 | teːm1, ri:ŋ2 | nrog | |||||||
204 | and | และ | láe | ແລະ | lɛ̄ʔ | lɛ3 | hliaɯ35 | ʔdiː3, ɕɐu5 | thiab | ||||||
205 | if | ถ้า | thâa | ຖ້າ, ຄັນ | tʰȁː, kʰan | tʰaa3, sʰaŋ1 | ɕiː3, taŋ6 | yog | |||||||
206 | because | เพราะ | phrɔ́ | ເພາະ, ຍ້ອນ | pʰɔʔ, ɲɔːn | pɤ3 | ʔɐn1 viː6(漢) | vim | |||||||
207 | name | ชื่อ | chʉ̂ʉ | ຊື່ | sɨ̄ː | tsɯ3 | kwan55 | ne31 | miŋ312(漢) | ɕoː6 | npe |
资料来源
编辑- Suthiwan, Titima. 2009. "Thai vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 2073 entries. http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/23 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
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- Ratliff, Martha. 2009. "White Hmong vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 1292 entries. http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/25 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ABVD: Buyang (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)