附錄:斯氏核心詞/拉丁語
關於斯氏核心詞（Swadesh list），請見Wiktionary:斯氏核心詞。
核心詞
编辑| No. | 中文 | English | Latin latina |
Classical script |
IPA pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 我 | I | ego | ego | ˈɛ.ɡoː |
| 2 | 你 | you (singular) | tu | tv | ˈt̪uː |
| 3 | 他 | he | is (m.), ea (f.), id (n.) | is, ea, id | ˈɪs, ˈe.a, ˈɪd̪ |
| 4 | 我們 | we | nos | nos | ˈnoːs |
| 5 | 你們 | you (plural) | vos | vos | ˈwoːs |
| 6 | 他們 | they | ei, ii (m.), eae (f.), ea (n.) | ei, ii, eae, ea | ˈe.iː/ˈi.iː, ˈe.ae̯, ˈe.a |
| 7 | 這 | this | hic (m.), haec (f.), hoc (n.) | hic, haec, hoc | ˈhɪk, ˈhae̯k, ˈhɔk |
| 8 | 那 | that | ille (m.), illa (f.), illud (n.) | ille, illa, illvd | ˈɪl.lʲɛ, ˈɪl.lʲa, ˈɪl.lʲʊd |
| 9 | 這裡 | here | hic | hic | ˈhɪk |
| 10 | 那裡 | there | illic, ibi | illic, ibi | ˈɪl.lʲɪk, ˈɪ.bɪ |
| 11 | 誰 | who | quis (m.), quae (f.) | qvis, qvae | ˈkᶣɪs, ˈkʷae̯ |
| 12 | 什麼 | what | quid | qvid | ˈkᶣɪd̪ |
| 13 | 哪 | where | ubi | vbi | ˈʊ.bɪ |
| 14 | 何時 | when | cum, quando | cvm, qvando | ˈkʊ̃ˑ, ˈkʷan̪.d̪oː |
| 15 | 如何 | how | quomodo | qvomodo | ˈkʷoː.mɔ.d̪ɔ |
| 16 | 不 | not | non, ne | non, ne | ˈnoːn, ˈneː |
| 17 | 所有 | all | omnes (mf.), omnia (n.) | omnes, omnia | ˈɔm.neːs, ˈɔm.ni.a |
| 18 | 多 | many | multi (m.), multae (f.), multa (n.) | mvlti, mvltae, mvlta | ˈmʊɫ.t̪iː, ˈmʊɫ.t̪ae̯, ˈmʊɫ.t̪a |
| 19 | 一些 | some | aliqui (m.), aliqua (f.), aliquod (n.) | aliqvi, aliqva, aliqvod | ˈa.lʲɪ.kᶣiː, ˈa.lʲɪ.kʷa, ˈa.lʲɪ.kʷɔd̪ |
| 20 | 少 | few | pauci (m.), paucae (f.), pauca (n.) | pavci, pavcae, pavca | ˈpaʊ̯.kiː, ˈpaʊ̯.kae̯, ˈpaʊ̯.ka |
| 21 | 其他 | other | alter, alius | alter, alivs | ˈaɫ̪.t̪ɛ̞r, ˈa.lʲi.ʊs |
| 22 | 一 | one | unus | vnvs | ˈuː.nʊs |
| 23 | 二 | two | duo | dvo | ˈd̪ʊ.ɔ |
| 24 | 三 | three | tres | tres | t̪reːs |
| 25 | 四 | four | quattuor | qvattvor | ˈkʷat̪.t̪ʊ.ɔr |
| 26 | 五 | five | quinque | qvinqve | ˈkᶣiːŋ.kᶣɛ |
| 27 | 大 | big | magnus | magnvs | ˈmaŋ.nʊs |
| 28 | 長 | long | longus | longvs | ˈɫɔŋ.ɡʊs |
| 29 | 寬 | wide | latus | latvs | ˈɫaː.t̪ʊs |
| 30 | 厚 | thick | crassus | crassvs | ˈkras.sʊs |
| 31 | 重 | heavy | gravis | gravis | ˈɡra.wɪs |
| 32 | 小 | small | parvus | parvvs | ˈpar.wʊs |
| 33 | 短 | short | brevis | brevis | ˈbrɛ.wɪs |
| 34 | 窄 | narrow | angustus | angvstvs | aŋ.ˈɡʊs̪.t̪ʊs |
| 35 | 薄 | thin | gracilis, tenuis | gracilis, tenvis | ˈɡra.kɪ.lʲɪs, ˈt̪ɛ.nʊ.ɪs |
| 36 | 女 | woman | femina, mulier | femina, mvlier | ˈfeː.mɪ.na, ˈmʊ.lʲɪ.ɛ̞r |
| 37 | 男 | man (adult male) | vir | vir | ˈwɪr |
| 38 | 人 | man (human being) | homo | homo | ˈhɔ.moː |
| 39 | 孩 | child | puer | pver | ˈpʊ.ɛ̞r |
| 40 | 妻 | wife | uxor, mulier | vxor, mvlier | ˈʊk.sɔr, ˈmʊ.lʲɪ.ɛ̞r |
| 41 | 夫 | husband | maritus | maritvs | ma.ˈriː.t̪ʊs |
| 42 | 母 | mother | mater | mater | ˈmaː.t̪ɛ̞r |
| 43 | 父 | father | pater | pater | ˈpa.t̪ɛ̞r |
| 44 | 動物 | animal | animal | animal | ˈa.nɪ.maɫ |
| 45 | 魚 | fish | piscis | piscis | ˈpɪs.kɪs |
| 46 | 鳥 | bird | avis | avis | ˈa.wɪs |
| 47 | 狗 | dog | canis | canis | ˈka.nɪs |
| 48 | 蝨 | louse | pedis (pediculus) | pedis (pedicvlvs) | ˈpeː.d̪ɪs (peː.ˈd̪iː.kʊ.ɫʊs) |
| 49 | 蛇 | snake | serpens, anguis | serpens, angvis | ˈsɛ̞r.pẽːs, ˈaŋ.ɡᶣɪs |
| 50 | 蟲 | worm | vermis | vermis | ˈwɛ̞r.mɪs |
| 51 | 樹 | tree | arbor | arbor | ˈar.bɔr |
| 52 | 林 | forest | silva | silva | ˈsɪɫ.wa |
| 53 | 棍 | stick | baculum, palus | bacvlvm, palvs | ˈba.kʊ.ɫʊ̃ˑ, ˈpaː.ɫʊs |
| 54 | 果 | fruit | fructus | frvctvs | ˈfruːk.t̪ʊs |
| 55 | 種 | seed | semen | semen | ˈseː.mɛn |
| 56 | 葉 | leaf | folium | folivm | ˈfɔ.lʲɪ.ʊ̃ˑ |
| 57 | 根 | root | radix | radix | ˈraː.d̪iːks |
| 58 | 樹皮 | bark (of a tree) | cortex | cortex | ˈkɔr.t̪ɛks |
| 59 | 花 | flower | flos | flos | ˈfɫoːs |
| 60 | 草 | grass | herba | herba | ˈhɛ̞r.ba |
| 61 | 繩 | rope | funis, restis | fvnis, restis | ˈfuː.nɪs, ˈrɛs.t̪ɪs |
| 62 | 膚 | skin | cutis | cvtis | ˈkʊ.t̪ɪs |
| 63 | 肉 | meat | caro | caro | ˈka.roː |
| 64 | 血 | blood | sanguis | sangvis | ˈsaŋ.ɡᶣɪs |
| 65 | 骨 | bone | os | os | ˈɔs |
| 66 | 脂 | fat (noun) | pinguamen | pingvamen | ˈa.d̪ɛps, pɪŋ.ˈɡʷaː.mɛn |
| 67 | 蛋 | egg | ovum | ovvm | ˈɔ.wʊ̃ˑ |
| 68 | 角 | horn | cornu | cornv | ˈkɔr.nuː |
| 69 | 尾 | tail | cauda | cavda | ˈkaʊ̯.d̪a |
| 70 | 羽 | feather | penna | penna | ˈpɛn.na |
| 71 | 髮 | hair | pilus | pilvs | ˈpɪ.ɫʊs |
| 72 | 頭 | head | caput | capvt | ˈka.pʊt̪ |
| 73 | 耳 | ear | auris | avris | ˈaʊ̯.rɪs |
| 74 | 眼 | eye | oculus | ocvlvs | ˈɔ.kʊ.ɫʊs |
| 75 | 鼻 | nose | nasus, naris | nasvs, naris | ˈnaː.sʊs, ˈnaː.rɪs |
| 76 | 口 | mouth | os | os | ˈoːs |
| 77 | 牙 | tooth | dens | dens | ˈd̪ẽːs |
| 78 | 舌 | tongue (organ) | lingua | lingva | ˈlʲɪŋ.ɡʷa |
| 79 | 指甲 | fingernail | unguis | vngvis | ˈʊŋ.ɡᶣɪs |
| 80 | 腳 | foot | pes | pes | ˈpeːs |
| 81 | 腿 | leg | crus | crvs | ˈkruːs |
| 82 | 膝 | knee | genu | genv | ˈɡɛ.nuː |
| 83 | 手 | hand | manus | manvs | ˈma.nʊs |
| 84 | 翅 | wing | ala | ala | ˈaː.ɫa |
| 85 | 腹 | belly | venter, abdomen | venter, abdomen | ˈwɛn̪.t̪ɛ̞r, ab.doː.mɛn |
| 86 | 腸 | guts | viscera | viscera | ˈwɪs.kʊs |
| 87 | 頸 | neck | cervix | cervix | ˈkɛ̞r.wiːks |
| 88 | 背 | back | dorsum, tergum | dorsvm, tergvm | ˈd̪ɔr.sʊ̃ˑ, ˈt̪ɛ̞r.ɡʊ̃ˑ |
| 89 | 乳 | breast | mamma | mamma | ˈmam.ma |
| 90 | 心 | heart | cor | cor | ˈkɔr |
| 91 | 肝 | liver | iecur | iecvr | ˈjɛ.kʊr |
| 92 | 喝 | to drink | bibere | bibere | ˈbɪ.bɛ.rɛ |
| 93 | 吃 | to eat | edere | edere | ˈɛ.dɛ.rɛ |
| 94 | 咬 | to bite | mordere | mordere | mɔr.d̪eː.rɛ |
| 95 | 吸 | to suck | sugere | svgere | ˈsuː.ɡɛ.rɛ |
| 96 | 吐 | to spit | spuere | spvere | ˈspʊ.ɛ.rɛ |
| 97 | 嘔 | to vomit | vomere | vomere | ˈwɔ.mɛ.rɛ |
| 98 | 吹 | to blow | (in)flare | inflare | ˈfɫaː.rɛ |
| 99 | 呼吸 | to breathe | (re)spirare | respirare | spiː.ˈraː.rɛ |
| 100 | 笑 | to laugh | ridere | ridere | riː.ˈd̪eː.rɛ |
| 101 | 看 | to see | videre | videre | wɪ.ˈd̪eː.rɛ |
| 102 | 聽 | to hear | audire | avdire | aʊ̯.ˈd̪iː.rɛ |
| 103 | 知 | to know | scire | scire | ˈskiː.rɛ |
| 104 | 想 | to think | cogitare, putare, existimare | cogitare, pvtare, existimare | koː.ɡɪ.ˈt̪aː.rɛ, pʊ.ˈt̪aː.rɛ, ɛk.siːs̪.t̪ɪ.ˈmaː.rɛ |
| 105 | 嗅 | to smell | olfacere | olfacere | ɔɫ.ˈfa.kɛ.rɛ |
| 106 | 怕 | to fear | timere | timere | t̪ɪ.ˈmeː.rɛ |
| 107 | 睡 | to sleep | dormire | dormire | d̪ɔr.ˈmiː.rɛ |
| 108 | 活 | to live | vivere | vivere | ˈwiː.wɛ.rɛ |
| 109 | 死 | to die | mori | mori | ˈmɔ.riː |
| 110 | 殺 | to kill | necare | necare | nɛ.ˈkaː.rɛ |
| 111 | 鬥 | to fight | luctari, pugnare | lvctari, pvgnare | ɫuːk.ˈt̪aː.riː, pʊŋ.ˈnaː.rɛ |
| 112 | 獵 | to hunt | venari | venari | weː.ˈnaː.riː |
| 113 | 擊 | to hit | pellere, pulsare | pellere, pvlsare | ˈpɛl.lʲɛ.rɛ, ˈpʊl.s̠aː.rɛ |
| 114 | 切 | to cut | secare, caedere | secare, caedere | ˈs̠ɛ.kaː.rɛ, ˈkae̯.dɛ.rɛ |
| 115 | 分 | to split | dividere, scindere | dividere, scindere | d̪iː.ˈwɪ.d̪ɛ.rɛ, ˈskɪn̪.d̪ɛ.rɛ |
| 116 | 刺 | to stab | pungere | pvngere | ˈpʊŋ.ɡɛ.rɛ |
| 117 | 撓 | to scratch | scabere, radere | scabere, radere | ˈska.bɛ.rɛ, ˈraː.d̪ɛ.rɛ |
| 118 | 挖 | to dig | fodere | fodere | ˈfɔ.d̪ɛ.rɛ |
| 119 | 遊 | to swim | nare, natare | nare, natare | ˈnaː.rɛ, na.ˈt̪aː.rɛ |
| 120 | 飛 | to fly | volare | volare | wɔ.ˈɫaː.rɛ |
| 121 | 走 | to walk | ambulare | ambvlare | am.bʊ.ˈɫaː.rɛ |
| 122 | 來 | to come | venire | venire | wɛ.ˈniː.rɛ |
| 123 | 躺 | to lie (as in a bed) | cubare, iacere | cvbare, iacere | kʊ.ˈbaː.rɛ, ja.ˈkeː.rɛ |
| 124 | 坐 | to sit | sedere | sedere | sɛ.ˈd̪eː.rɛ |
| 125 | 站 | to stand | stare | stare | ˈs̪t̪aː.rɛ |
| 126 | 轉 | to turn (intransitive) | vertere | vertere | ˈwɛ̞r.t̪ɛ.rɛ |
| 127 | 落 | to fall | cadere | cadere | ˈka.dɛ.rɛ |
| 128 | 給 | to give | dare | dare | ˈda.rɛ |
| 129 | 拿 | to hold | tenere | tenere | t̪ɛ.ˈneː.rɛ |
| 130 | 擠 | to squeeze | exprimere | exprimere | ɛks.ˈprɪ.mɛ.rɛ |
| 131 | 磨 | to rub | fricare, terere | fricare, terere | frɪ.ˈkaː.rɛ, ˈt̪ɛ.rɛ.rɛ |
| 132 | 洗 | to wash | lavare | lavare | ɫa.ˈwaː.rɛ |
| 133 | 擦 | to wipe | tergere | tergere | t̪ɛ̞r.ˈɡeː.rɛ |
| 134 | 拉 | to pull | trahere | trahere | ˈt̪ra.hɛ.rɛ |
| 135 | 推 | to push | pellere | pellere | ˈpɛl.lʲɛ.rɛ |
| 136 | 扔 | to throw | iacere | iacere | ˈja.kɛ.rɛ |
| 137 | 系 | to tie | ligare | ligare | lʲɪ.ˈɡaː.rɛ |
| 138 | 縫 | to sew | (con)suere | consvere | ˈsʊ.ɛ.rɛ |
| 139 | 計 | to count | computare, numerare | compvtare, nvmerare | kɔm.pʊ.ˈt̪aː.rɛ, nʊ.mɛ.ˈraː.rɛ |
| 140 | 說 | to say | dicere | dicere | ˈd̪ɪ.kɛ.rɛ |
| 141 | 唱 | to sing | canere | canere | ˈka.nɛ.rɛ |
| 142 | 玩 | to play | ludere | lvdere | ˈɫuː.dɛ.rɛ |
| 143 | 浮 | to float | fluctuare, fluitare | flvctvare, flvitare | fɫuːk.t̪ʊ.ˈaː.rɛ, fɫʊ.ɪ.ˈt̪aː.rɛ |
| 144 | 流 | to flow | fluere | flvere | ˈfɫʊ.ɛ.rɛ |
| 145 | 凍 | to freeze | gelare | gelare | ɡɛ.ˈɫaː.rɛ |
| 146 | 腫 | to swell | augere, tumere | avgere, tvmere | aʊ̯.ˈɡeː.rɛ, t̪ʊ.ˈmeː.rɛ |
| 147 | 日 | sun | sol | sol | ˈsoːɫ |
| 148 | 月 | moon | luna | lvna | ˈɫuː.na |
| 149 | 星 | star | stella | stella | ˈs̪t̪eːl.lʲa |
| 150 | 水 | water | aqua | aqva | ˈa.kʷa |
| 151 | 雨 | rain | pluvia | plvvia | ˈpɫʊ.wi.a |
| 152 | 河 | river | flumen, fluvius, amnis | flvmen, flvvivs, amnis | ˈfɫuː.mɛn, ˈfɫʊ.wi.ʊs, ˈam.nɪs |
| 153 | 湖 | lake | lacus | lacvs | ˈɫa.kʊs |
| 154 | 海 | sea | mare | mare | ˈma.rɛ |
| 155 | 鹽 | salt | sal | sal | ˈsaːɫ |
| 156 | 石 | stone | saxum, lapis, petra | saxvm, lapis, petra | ˈsak.sʊ̃ˑ, ˈɫa.pɪs, ˈpɛ.tra |
| 157 | 沙 | sand | harena | harena | ha.ˈreː.nɑ |
| 158 | 塵 | dust | pulvis | pvlvis | ˈpʊɫ.wɪs |
| 159 | 地 | earth | humus, terra, ager | hvmvs, terra, ager | ˈhʊ.mʊs, ˈt̪ɛ̞r.ra, ˈa.ɡɛ̞r |
| 160 | 雲 | cloud | nubes, nebula | nvbes, nebvla | ˈnuː.beːs, ˈnɛ.bʊ.ɫa |
| 161 | 霧 | fog | caligo, nebula, tenebrae | caligo, nebvla, tenebrae | kaː.ˈlʲiː.ɡoː, ˈnɛ.bʊ.ɫa, t̪ɛ.ˈnɛb.rae̯ |
| 162 | 天 | sky | caelum | caelvm | ˈkae̯.ɫʊ̃ˑ |
| 163 | 風 | wind | ventus | ventvs | ˈwɛn̪.t̪ʊs |
| 164 | 雪 | snow | nix | nix | ˈnɪks |
| 165 | 冰 | ice | gelu | gelv | ˈɡɛ.ɫuː |
| 166 | 煙 | smoke | fumus | fvmvs | ˈfuː.mʊs |
| 167 | 火 | fire | ignis | ignis | ˈiːŋ.nɪs |
| 168 | 灰 | ash | cinis | cinis | ˈkɪ.nɪs |
| 169 | 燒 | to burn | urere, flammare | vrere, flammare | ˈuː.rɛ.rɛ, fɫam.ˈmaː.rɛ |
| 170 | 路 | road | via | via | ˈwi.a |
| 171 | 山 | mountain | mons | mons | ˈmõːs |
| 172 | 紅 | red | ruber, rufus | rvber, rvfvs | ˈrʊ.bɛr, ˈruː.fʊs |
| 173 | 綠 | green | viridis | viridis | ˈwɪ.rɪ.d̪ɪs |
| 174 | 黃 | yellow | croceus, flavus | crocevs, flavvs | ˈkrɔ.ke.ʊs, ˈfɫaː.wʊs |
| 175 | 白 | white | albus, candidus | albvs, candidvs | ˈaɫ.bʊs, ˈkan.d̪ɪ.d̪ʊs |
| 176 | 黑 | black | ater, niger | ater, niger | ˈaː.t̪ɛ̞r, ˈnɪ.ɡɛ̞r |
| 177 | 夜 | night | nox | nox | nɔks |
| 178 | 白天 | day | dies | dies | ˈd̪i.eːs |
| 179 | 年 | year | annus | annvs | ˈan.nʊs |
| 180 | 暖 | warm | calidus | calidvs | ˈka.lʲɪ.dʊs |
| 181 | 冷 | cold | frigidus | frigidvs | ˈfriː.ɡɪ.d̪ʊs |
| 182 | 滿 | full | plenus | plenvs | ˈplʲeː.nʊs |
| 183 | 新 | new | novus | novvs | ˈnɔ.wʊs |
| 184 | 舊 | old | vetus | vetvs | ˈwɛ.t̪ʊs |
| 185 | 好 | good | bonus | bonvs | ˈbɔ.nʊs |
| 186 | 壞 | bad | malus | malvs | ˈma.ɫʊs |
| 187 | 腐 | rotten | putridus | pvtridvs | ˈpʊ.t̪rɪ.d̪ʊs |
| 188 | 髒 | dirty | sordidus, immundus | sordidvs, immvndvs | ˈsɔr.d̪ɪ.d̪ʊs, ɪm.mʊn̪.d̪ʊs |
| 189 | 直 | straight | rectus | rectvs | ˈreːk.t̪ʊs |
| 190 | 圓 | round | rotundus | rotvndvs | rɔ.ˈt̪ʊn̪.d̪ʊs |
| 191 | 尖 | sharp (as a knife) | acutus | acvtvs | a.ˈkuː.t̪ʊs |
| 192 | 鈍 | dull (as a knife) | hebes, retusus | hebes, retvsvs | ˈhɛ.bɛs, rɛ.ˈt̪uː.sʊs |
| 193 | 滑 | smooth | suavis | svavis | sʊ.ˈaː.wɪs |
| 194 | 濕 | wet | umidus, aqueus | vmidvs, aqvevs | ˈuː.mɪ.d̪ʊs, ˈa.kᶣe.ʊs |
| 195 | 乾 | dry | siccus | siccvs | ˈsɪk.kʊs |
| 196 | 對 | correct | rectus | rectvs | ˈreːk.t̪ʊs |
| 197 | 近 | near | propinquus, proximus | propinqvvs, proximvs | prɔ.ˈpɪŋ.kʷʊs, ˈprɔk.sɪ.mʊs |
| 198 | 遠 | far | longus | longvs | ˈɫɔŋ.ɡʊs |
| 199 | 右 | right | dexter | dexter | ˈd̪ɛks̪.t̪ɛ̞r |
| 200 | 左 | left | laevus, sinister | laevvs, sinister | ˈɫae̯.wʊs, sɪ.ˈnɪs̪.t̪ɛ̞r |
| 201 | 在 | at | ad, in | ad, in | ˈad, ˈɪn |
| 202 | 裡 | in | in | in | ˈɪn |
| 203 | 與 | with | cum | cvm | ˈkʊ̃ˑ |
| 204 | 和 | and | et, -que | et, -qve | ɛt̪, -kᶣɛ |
| 205 | 若 | if | si | si | ˈsiː |
| 206 | 因 | because | quod | qvod | kʷɔd̪ |
| 207 | 名 | name | nomen | nomen | ˈnoːmɛn |