附录:斯氏核心词/突尼斯阿拉伯语
斯瓦迪士核心词列表(Swadesh list)列出了各种语言的基本词汇。是美国语言学家莫里斯·斯瓦迪士在1940年代到1950年代提出的一个从统计学角度分析不同语言(以印欧语系语言为主)得出约有100个词的核心词列表。他认为,基本上所有语言的词汇都应该包含这些词语。历史语言学家使用这个列表来量化不同语言相关联的程度。
斯氏核心词
编辑号 | 中文 | 英语 | 突尼斯阿拉伯语 تونسي (tūnsī) |
{{{transcription1}}} | {{{transcription2}}} |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 我 | I | آنَا | ʾānā | {{{trb001}}} |
2 | 你 | you (singular) | اِنْتِ | ʾinti | {{{trb002}}} |
3 | 他 | he | هُوَّ | huwwa | {{{trb003}}} |
4 | 我们 | we | اَحْنَا | ʾaḥnā | {{{trb004}}} |
5 | 你们 | you (plural) | اِنْتُومَا | ʾintūmā | {{{trb005}}} |
6 | 他们 | they | هُومَا | hūmā | {{{trb006}}} |
7 | 这 | this | هَاذَا | hāḏā | {{{trb007}}} |
8 | 那 | that | هَاذَاكَ | hāḏāka | {{{trb008}}} |
9 | 这里 | here | هُونِي, هْنَا | hūnī, hnā | {{{trb009}}} |
10 | 那里 | there | غَادِي | ġādī | {{{trb010}}} |
11 | 谁 | who | شْكُونْ | škūn | {{{trb011}}} |
12 | 什么 | what | شْنُوَّ | šnuwwa | {{{trb012}}} |
13 | 哪里 | where | وِينْ, فِينْ | wīn, fīn | {{{trb013}}} |
14 | 何时 | when | وَقْتَاشْ | waqtāš | {{{trb014}}} |
15 | 如何 | how | كِيفَاشْ | kīfāš | {{{trb015}}} |
16 | 不 | not | مُوشْ | mūš | {{{trb016}}} |
17 | 所有 | all | اِلْكُلْ | ʾilkul | {{{trb017}}} |
18 | 多 | many | بَرْشَ | barša | {{{trb018}}} |
19 | 一些 | some | شْوَيَّ, بَعْضْ | šwayya, baʿḍ | {{{trb019}}} |
20 | 少 | few | شْوَيَّ, بَعْضْ | šwayya, baʿḍ | {{{trb020}}} |
21 | 其他 | other | آخِرْ | ʾāḫir | {{{trb021}}} |
22 | 一 | one | وَاحِدْ | wāḥid | {{{trb022}}} |
23 | 二 | two | ثْنِينْ, زوْز | zūz, ṯnīn | {{{trb023}}} |
24 | 三 | three | ثْلَاثَة | ṯlāṯa | {{{trb024}}} |
25 | 四 | four | اَرْبْعَة | ʾarbʿa | {{{trb025}}} |
26 | 五 | five | خَمْسَة | ḫamsa | {{{trb026}}} |
27 | 大 | big | كْبِيرْ | kbīr | {{{trb027}}} |
28 | 长 | long | طْوِيلْ | ṭwīl | {{{trb028}}} |
29 | 宽 | wide | وَاسِعْ | wāsiʿ | {{{trb029}}} |
30 | 厚 | thick | خْشِينْ | ḫšīn | {{{trb030}}} |
31 | 重 | heavy | ثْقِيلْ | ṯqīl | {{{trb031}}} |
32 | 小 | small | صْغِيرْ | ṣġīr | {{{trb032}}} |
33 | 短 | short | قْصِيرْ | qṣīr | {{{trb033}}} |
34 | 窄 | narrow | ضِيِّقْ | ḍiyyiq | {{{trb034}}} |
35 | 薄 | thin | رْقِيقْ | rqīq | {{{trb035}}} |
36 | 女 | woman | مْرَة | mra | {{{trb036}}} |
37 | 男 | man (male) | رَاجِلْ | rājil | {{{trb037}}} |
38 | 人 | man (human) | عَبْد | ʿabd | {{{trb038}}} |
39 | 孩 | child | فزغول | fazġūl | {{{trb039}}} |
40 | 妻 | wife | مْرَة | mra | {{{trb040}}} |
41 | 夫 | husband | رَاجِلْ | rājil | {{{trb041}}} |
42 | 母 | mother | اُمْ | ʾum | {{{trb042}}} |
43 | 父 | father | بُو | bū | {{{trb043}}} |
44 | 动物 | animal | حَيَوَانْ | ḥayawān | {{{trb044}}} |
45 | 鱼 | fish | حُوتَة | ḥūta | {{{trb045}}} |
46 | 鸟 | bird | عَصْفُورْ | ʿaṣfūr | {{{trb046}}} |
47 | 狗 | dog | كَلْبْ | kalb | {{{trb047}}} |
48 | 虱 | louse | قَمْلَة | qamla | {{{trb048}}} |
49 | 蛇 | snake | حْنَشْ | ḥnaš | {{{trb049}}} |
50 | 虫 | worm | دُودَة | dūda | {{{trb050}}} |
51 | 树 | tree | شُجْرَة | šujra | {{{trb051}}} |
52 | 林 | forest | غَابَة | ġāba | {{{trb052}}} |
53 | 棍 | stick | عْصَا | ʿṣā | {{{trb053}}} |
54 | 果 | fruit | غَلَّة | ġalla | {{{trb054}}} |
55 | 种 | seed | زُرِّيعَة | zurrīʿa | {{{trb055}}} |
56 | 叶 | leaf | وَرْقَة | warqa | {{{trb056}}} |
57 | 根 | root | عِرْقْ | ʿirq | {{{trb057}}} |
58 | 树皮 | bark (of a tree) | قِشْرَة | qišra | {{{trb058}}} |
59 | 花 | flower | نَوَّارَة | nawwāra | {{{trb059}}} |
60 | 草 | grass | حْشِيشْ | ḥšīš | {{{trb060}}} |
61 | 绳 | rope | حْبَلْ | ḥbal | {{{trb061}}} |
62 | 肤 | skin | جِلْدَة | jilda | {{{trb062}}} |
63 | 肉 | meat | لْحَمْ | lḥam | {{{trb063}}} |
64 | 血 | blood | دَمْ | dam | {{{trb064}}} |
65 | 骨 | bone | عْظَمْ | ʿđ̣am | {{{trb065}}} |
66 | 脂 | fat (noun) | شْحَمْ | šḥam | {{{trb066}}} |
67 | 蛋 | egg | عَظْمَة | ʿađ̣ma | {{{trb067}}} |
68 | 角 | horn | ڤَرْنْ | garn | {{{trb068}}} |
69 | 尾 | tail | بَعْبُوصْ | baʿbūṣ | {{{trb069}}} |
70 | 羽 | feather | رِيشَة | rīša | {{{trb070}}} |
71 | 发 | hair | شْعَرْ | šʿar | {{{trb071}}} |
72 | 头 | head | رَاسْ | rās | {{{trb072}}} |
73 | 耳 | ear | وْذِنْ | wḏin | {{{trb073}}} |
74 | 眼 | eye | عِينْ | ʿīn | {{{trb074}}} |
75 | 鼻 | nose | خْشَمْ | ḫšam | {{{trb075}}} |
76 | 口 | mouth | جَلْغَة | jalġa | {{{trb076}}} |
77 | 牙 | tooth | سِنَّة | sinna | {{{trb077}}} |
78 | 舌 | tongue | لْسَانْ | lsān | {{{trb078}}} |
79 | 指甲 | fingernail | ظْفَرْ | đ̣far | {{{trb079}}} |
80 | 脚 | foot | سَاقْ | sāq | {{{trb080}}} |
81 | 腿 | leg | رْجِلْ | rjil | {{{trb081}}} |
82 | 膝 | knee | رُكْبَة | rukba | {{{trb082}}} |
83 | 手 | hand | يِدْ | yid | {{{trb083}}} |
84 | 翅 | wing | جْنَاحْ | jnāḥ | {{{trb084}}} |
85 | 腹 | belly | كِرْشْ | kirš | {{{trb085}}} |
86 | 肠 | guts | بْزيز | bzīz | {{{trb086}}} |
87 | 颈 | neck | كرومَة | krūma | {{{trb087}}} |
88 | 背 | back | ظْهَرْ | đ̣har | {{{trb088}}} |
89 | 乳 | breast | بَزّولة | bazzūla | {{{trb089}}} |
90 | 心 | heart | قَلْبْ | qalb | {{{trb090}}} |
91 | 肝 | liver | كِبْدَة | kibda | {{{trb091}}} |
92 | 喝 | to drink | شْرَبْ | šrab | {{{trb092}}} |
93 | 吃 | to eat | كْلَا | klā | {{{trb093}}} |
94 | 咬 | to bite | ڤْدِمْ | gdim | {{{trb094}}} |
95 | 吸 | to suck | رْضَعْ | rḍaʿ | {{{trb095}}} |
96 | 吐 | to spit | بْزَقْ | bzaq | {{{trb096}}} |
97 | 呕 | to vomit | رَدْ | rad | {{{trb097}}} |
98 | 吹 | to blow | نْفَخْ | nfaḫ | {{{trb098}}} |
99 | 呼吸 | to breathe | تْنَفِّسْ | tnaffis | {{{trb099}}} |
100 | 笑 | to laugh | ضْحَكْ | ḍḥak | {{{trb100}}} |
101 | 看 | to see | را | rā | {{{trb101}}} |
102 | 听 | to hear | سْمَعْ | smaʿ | {{{trb102}}} |
103 | 知 | to know | عْرَفْ | ʿraf | {{{trb103}}} |
104 | 想 | to think | خَمِّمْ | ḫammim | {{{trb104}}} |
105 | 嗅 | to smell | شَمْ | šam | {{{trb105}}} |
106 | 怕 | to fear | خَافْ | ḫāf | {{{trb106}}} |
107 | 睡 | to sleep | رْقَدْ | rqad | {{{trb107}}} |
108 | 活 | to live | عَاشْ | ʿāš | {{{trb108}}} |
109 | 死 | to die | مَاتْ | māt | {{{trb109}}} |
110 | 杀 | to kill | قْتَلْ | qtal | {{{trb110}}} |
111 | 斗 | to fight | تْعَارِكْ | tʿārik | {{{trb111}}} |
112 | 猎 | to hunt | اِصْطَادْ | ʾiṣṭād | {{{trb112}}} |
113 | 击 | to hit | ضْرَبْ | ḍrab | {{{trb113}}} |
114 | 切 | to cut | قَصْ | qaṣ | {{{trb114}}} |
115 | 分 | to split | قْسَمْ | qsam | {{{trb115}}} |
116 | 刺 | to stab | دْغَرْ | dġar | {{{trb116}}} |
117 | 挠 | to scratch | حَكْ | ḥak | {{{trb117}}} |
118 | 挖 | to dig | حْفَرْ | ḥfar | {{{trb118}}} |
119 | 游 | to swim | عاَمْ | ʿām | {{{trb119}}} |
120 | 飞 | to fly | طار | ṭār | {{{trb120}}} |
121 | 走 | to walk | مْشَا | mšā | {{{trb121}}} |
122 | 来 | to come | جَا | jā | {{{trb122}}} |
123 | 躺 | to lie (as in a bed) | تْمَدْ | tmad | {{{trb123}}} |
124 | 坐 | to sit | قَعمِز | ga'miz | {{{trb124}}} |
125 | 站 | to stand | وْقِفْ | wqif | {{{trb125}}} |
126 | 转 | to turn (intransitive) | دَارْ | dār | {{{trb126}}} |
127 | 落 | to fall | طَاحْ | ṭāḥ | {{{trb127}}} |
128 | 给 | to give | عْطَا | aʿṭā | {{{trb128}}} |
129 | 拿 | to hold | شَدْ | šad | {{{trb129}}} |
130 | 挤 | to squeeze | عْصَرْ | ʿṣar | {{{trb130}}} |
131 | 磨 | to rub | حَكْ | ḥak | {{{trb131}}} |
132 | 洗 | to wash | غْسَلْ | ġsal | {{{trb132}}} |
133 | 擦 | to wipe | مْسَحْ | msaḥ | {{{trb133}}} |
134 | 拉 | to pull | جْبِدْ | jbid | {{{trb134}}} |
135 | 推 | to push | دَزْ | daz | {{{trb135}}} |
136 | 扔 | to throw | لَوَح | lwaḥ | {{{trb136}}} |
137 | 系 | to tie | رْبَطْ | rbaṭ | {{{trb137}}} |
138 | 缝 | to sew | خَيِّطْ | ḫayyiṭ | {{{trb138}}} |
139 | 计 | to count | حْسِبْ | ḥsib | {{{trb139}}} |
140 | 说 | to say | قَالْ | qāl | {{{trb140}}} |
141 | 唱 | to sing | غَنَّا | ġannā | {{{trb141}}} |
142 | 玩 | to play | لْعَبْ | lʿab | {{{trb142}}} |
143 | 浮 | to float | عَامْ | ʿām | {{{trb143}}} |
144 | 流 | to flow | جْرَا | jrā | {{{trb144}}} |
145 | 冻 | to freeze | جْمِدْ | jmid | {{{trb145}}} |
146 | 肿 | to swell | تِنْفَخْ | tinfaḫ | {{{trb146}}} |
147 | 日 | sun | سمش | samš | {{{trb147}}} |
148 | 月 | moon | ڤَمْرَة | gamra | {{{trb148}}} |
149 | 星 | star | نِجْمَة | nijma | {{{trb149}}} |
150 | 水 | water | مَا | mā | {{{trb150}}} |
151 | 雨 | rain | شْتَا | štā | {{{trb151}}} |
152 | 河 | river | وَادْ | wād | {{{trb152}}} |
153 | 湖 | lake | سَبْخَة | sabḫa | {{{trb153}}} |
154 | 海 | sea | بْحَرْ | bḥar | {{{trb154}}} |
155 | 盐 | salt | مِلْحْ | milḥ | {{{trb155}}} |
156 | 石 | stone | حَجْرَة | ḥajra | {{{trb156}}} |
157 | 沙 | sand | رْمَلْ | rmal | {{{trb157}}} |
158 | 尘 | dust | غَبْرَة | ġabra | {{{trb158}}} |
159 | 地 | earth | تْرَابْ | trāb | {{{trb159}}} |
160 | 云 | cloud | سْحَابْ | sḥāb | {{{trb160}}} |
161 | 雾 | fog | ضْبَابْ | ḍbāb | {{{trb161}}} |
162 | 天 | sky | سْمَا | smā | {{{trb162}}} |
163 | 风 | wind | رِيحْ | rīḥ | {{{trb163}}} |
164 | 雪 | snow | ثِلْجْ | ṯilj | {{{trb164}}} |
165 | 冰 | ice | ثِلْجْ | ṯilj | {{{trb165}}} |
166 | 烟 | smoke | دُخّانْ | duḫḫān | {{{trb166}}} |
167 | 火 | fire | نَارْ | nār | {{{trb167}}} |
168 | 灰 | ash | رْمَادْ | rmād | {{{trb168}}} |
169 | 烧 | to burn | حْرَقْ | ḥraq | {{{trb169}}} |
170 | 路 | road | كَيَّاسْ | kayyās | {{{trb170}}} |
171 | 山 | mountain | جْبَلْ | jbal | {{{trb171}}} |
172 | 红 | red | اَحْمَرْ | ʾaḥmar | {{{trb172}}} |
173 | 绿 | green | اَخْضِرْ | ʾaḫḍir | {{{trb173}}} |
174 | 黄 | yellow | اَصْفِرْ | ʾaṣfir | {{{trb174}}} |
175 | 白 | white | اَبْيِضْ | ʾabyiḍ | {{{trb175}}} |
176 | 黑 | black | اَكْحِلْ | ʾakḥil | {{{trb176}}} |
177 | 夜 | night | لِيلْ | līl | {{{trb177}}} |
178 | 白天 | day | نْهَارْ | nhār | {{{trb178}}} |
179 | 年 | year | عَامْ | ʿām | {{{trb179}}} |
180 | 暖 | warm | دَافِي | dāfī | {{{trb180}}} |
181 | 冷 | cold | بَارِدْ | bārid | {{{trb181}}} |
182 | 满 | full | مْعِبِّي | mʿibbī | {{{trb182}}} |
183 | 新 | new | جْدِيدْ | jdīd | {{{trb183}}} |
184 | 旧 | old | قْدِيمْ | qdīm | {{{trb184}}} |
185 | 好 | good | بَاهِي | bāhī | {{{trb185}}} |
186 | 坏 | bad | خَايِبْ | ḫāyib | {{{trb186}}} |
187 | 腐 | rotten | خامج | ḫāmij | {{{trb187}}} |
188 | 脏 | dirty | مَّسِّخْ | mmassiḫ | {{{trb188}}} |
189 | 直 | straight | طُولْ | ṭūl | {{{trb189}}} |
190 | 圆 | round | مْدَوِّرْ | mdawwir | {{{trb190}}} |
191 | 尖 | sharp (as a knife) | مَاضِي | māḍī | {{{trb191}}} |
192 | 钝 | dull (as a knife) | حَافِي | ḥāfī | {{{trb192}}} |
193 | 滑 | smooth | اَرْطِبْ | ʾarṭib | {{{trb193}}} |
194 | 湿 | wet | مَبْلُولْ | mablūl | {{{trb194}}} |
195 | 干 | dry | شَايَحْ | šāyaḥ | {{{trb195}}} |
196 | 对 | correct | صْحِيحْ | ṣḥīḥ | {{{trb196}}} |
197 | 近 | near | قْرِيبْ | qrīb | {{{trb197}}} |
198 | 远 | far | بْعِيدْ | bʿīd | {{{trb198}}} |
199 | 右 | right | لِيمِينْ | līmīn | {{{trb199}}} |
200 | 左 | left | لِيسَارْ | līsār | {{{trb200}}} |
201 | 在 | at | عَنْدْ | ʿand | {{{trb201}}} |
202 | 里 | in | فِي | fī | {{{trb202}}} |
203 | 与 | with | مْعَا | mʿā | {{{trb203}}} |
204 | 和 | and | و | ū | {{{trb204}}} |
205 | 若 | if | اِذَا | ʾiḏā | {{{trb205}}} |
206 | 因 | because | عْلَى خَاطِرْ | ʾlā ḫāṭir | {{{trb206}}} |
207 | 名 | name | اِسْمْ | ʾism | {{{trb207}}} |